{"id":3068,"date":"2020-01-21T09:03:04","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T09:03:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3068"},"modified":"2020-01-21T09:03:04","modified_gmt":"2020-01-21T09:03:04","slug":"building-sustainable-cities-a-guide-for-the-21st-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/building-sustainable-cities-a-guide-for-the-21st-century\/","title":{"rendered":"Budov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch m\u011bst: P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro 21. stolet\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch m\u011bst: Pr\u016fvodce 21. stolet\u00edm<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zelen\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba: Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst<\/h2>\n\n<p>Stavebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 hnac\u00ed silou udr\u017eitelnosti. Zelen\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed postupy se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vlivu budov na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, od jejich n\u00e1vrhu a v\u00fdstavby a\u017e po jejich provoz a \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f zelen\u00e9 v\u00fdstavby je energetick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm energeticky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f, osv\u011btlen\u00ed a syst\u00e9m\u016f vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a chlazen\u00ed mohou budovy v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit svou spot\u0159ebu energie a emise uhl\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem zelen\u00e9 v\u00fdstavby je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou ty, kter\u00e9 jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny \u0161etrn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a maj\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00fd dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edklady udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed recyklovan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, obnoviteln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny lok\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metro: Udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 dopravn\u00ed mo\u017enost<\/h2>\n\n<p>Metro je typ ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy, kter\u00e1 k p\u0159eprav\u011b cestuj\u00edc\u00edch vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 vlaky. Metro je udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed ne\u017e automobily, proto\u017ee produkuje m\u00e9n\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p>Metro nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017ee pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy a zlep\u0161it kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm pohodln\u00e9ho a cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu, jak se dostat z m\u00edsta na m\u00edsto, m\u016f\u017ee metro povzbudit lidi, aby nechali sv\u00e1 auta doma a m\u00edsto toho vyu\u017e\u00edvali ve\u0159ejnou dopravu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kompaktn\u00ed m\u011bsta: Sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit zm\u011bnu klimatu, je budovat kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta. Kompaktn\u00ed m\u011bsta se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vysokou hustotou obyvatelstva a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm p\u016fdy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed, pracuj\u00ed a nakupuj\u00ed v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti, co\u017e sni\u017euje pot\u0159ebu cestov\u00e1n\u00ed autem.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kompaktn\u00ed m\u011bsta maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed ekologickou stopu ne\u017e rozlehl\u00e1 m\u011bsta. Vy\u017eaduj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b p\u016fdy, energie a zdroj\u016f na v\u00fdstavbu a \u00fadr\u017ebu. Kompaktn\u00ed m\u011bsta jsou nav\u00edc v\u00edce vhodn\u00e1 pro p\u011b\u0161\u00ed a cyklisty, co\u017e povzbuzuje lidi k pohybu a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch m\u011bst ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech existuje mnoho p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch m\u011bst. Zde je n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Portland, Oregon:<\/strong> Portland je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi zelen\u00fdmi stavebn\u00edmi postupy a rozs\u00e1hlou s\u00edt\u00ed cyklostezek a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Minneapolis, Minnesota:<\/strong> Minneapolis m\u00e1 pl\u00e1n udr\u017eitelnosti, kter\u00fd zahrnuje c\u00edle sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed CO2, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Burlington, Vermont:<\/strong> Burlington m\u00e1 dlouhou historii program\u016f dostupn\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed a je domovem Burlington Community Land Trust, kter\u00fd poskytuje obyvatel\u016fm s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vlastnit domov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Austin, Texas:<\/strong> Austinu se poda\u0159ilo od 80. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed u\u0161et\u0159it t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 600 megawatt\u016f energie a pl\u00e1nuje do 15 let z\u00edskat 20 procent sv\u00e9 energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Boulder, Colorado:<\/strong> Boulder m\u00e1 \u00fa\u017easnou s\u00ed\u0165 zelen\u00fdch ploch a zelen\u00fdch p\u00e1s\u016f, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed stezky pro cyklisty a p\u011b\u0161\u00ed a chr\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsto p\u0159ed rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00edm m\u011bst.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak budovat udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze ud\u011blat pro to, aby byla m\u011bsta udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zde je n\u011bkolik n\u00e1pad\u016f:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Investovat do zelen\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch postup\u016f:<\/strong> Zelen\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed postupy mohou pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu energie, spot\u0159ebu vody a produkci odpadu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Propagovat ve\u0159ejnou dopravu:<\/strong> Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 doprava m\u016f\u017ee pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stav\u011bt kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta:<\/strong> Kompaktn\u00ed m\u011bsta jsou udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rozlehl\u00e1 m\u011bsta, proto\u017ee vy\u017eaduj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b p\u016fdy, energie a zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vytv\u00e1\u0159et programy dostupn\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed:<\/strong> Programy dostupn\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed mohou pomoci zajistit, aby m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu a d\u016fstojn\u00e9mu m\u00edstu k \u017eivotu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Investovat do obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie:<\/strong> Obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, jako je sol\u00e1rn\u00ed a v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie, mohou pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na fosiln\u00edch palivech a sn\u00ed\u017eit emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>T\u00edm, \u017ee podnikneme tyto kroky, m\u016f\u017eeme budovat udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 jsou zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, obyvateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Budov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch m\u011bst: Pr\u016fvodce 21. stolet\u00edm Zelen\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba: Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst Stavebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 hnac\u00ed silou udr\u017eitelnosti. Zelen\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed postupy se&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[5974,119,4861,5972,5973,34],"class_list":["post-3068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-compact-development","tag-renewable-energy","tag-public-transportation","tag-sustainable-cities","tag-green-building","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3068"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3069,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3068\/revisions\/3069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}