V dob\u011b vikingsk\u00e9 byly ko\u010dky cen\u011bn\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky pro sv\u00e9 schopnosti v oblasti kontroly \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f. \u010celily v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 ponur\u00e9mu osudu, proto\u017ee jejich ko\u017ee\u0161iny byly seversk\u00fdmi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako od\u011bv. Tato praxe p\u0159inesla bohatstv\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch ko\u010di\u010d\u00edch koster, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o historii vztah\u016f mezi lidmi a ko\u010dkami.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Danish Journal of Archaeology odhalila p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd objev: dom\u00e1c\u00ed ko\u010dky v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu rostly. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed tendenci se b\u011bhem domestikace zmen\u0161ovat, zaznamenaly ko\u010dky od doby vikingsk\u00e9 16% n\u00e1r\u016fst velikosti.<\/p>\n\n
D\u016fvody tohoto r\u016fstu jsou st\u00e1le nejasn\u00e9, ale v\u011bdci navrhli n\u011bkolik p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Jednou mo\u017enost\u00ed je, \u017ee ko\u010dky maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dostupnosti potravy, a\u0165 u\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm lidsk\u00e9ho odpadu nebo z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9ho krmen\u00ed. Jin\u00e1 teorie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee posun v kultu\u0159e od zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s ko\u010dkami jako se zv\u00ed\u0159aty poskytuj\u00edc\u00edmi ko\u017ee\u0161iny a lov\u00edc\u00edmi hlodavce k milovan\u00fdm dom\u00e1c\u00edm mazl\u00ed\u010dk\u016fm chovan\u00fdm v interi\u00e9rech p\u0159isp\u011bl k jejich v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed velikosti.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa domestikace ko\u010dek je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem diskuz\u00ed, ale v\u011bdci identifikovali dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 vlny ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed expanze. Prvn\u00ed vlna nastala ji\u017e v roce 4400 p\u0159. n. l., kdy se ko\u010dky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily z jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie do Evropy a na Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod. Tato linie poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u00darodn\u00e9ho p\u016flm\u011bs\u00edce, kol\u00e9bky zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Druh\u00e1 vlna sest\u00e1vala z egyptsk\u00e9 linie, kter\u00e1 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do Afriky a Eurasie ji\u017e v roce 1700 p\u0159. n. l. Viking\u0161t\u00ed ko\u010dky pat\u0159ily k t\u00e9to linii a jejich poz\u016fstatky byly nalezeny v obchodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstavech Viking\u016f na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, co\u017e nazna\u010duje jejich roli v huben\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f na lod\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9 pov\u011bsti samot\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch tvor\u016f postr\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch spole\u010densk\u00e9 hierarchie maj\u00ed ko\u010dky jedine\u010dnou v\u00fdhodu oproti jin\u00fdm divok\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm: rysy jejich tv\u00e1\u0159e se podobaj\u00ed rys\u016fm lidsk\u00fdch kojenc\u016f. To jim umo\u017enilo st\u00e1t se okouzluj\u00edc\u00edmi a roztomil\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e pouh\u00fdmi obt\u011b\u017eovateli.<\/p>\n\n
Na konci st\u0159edov\u011bku se ko\u010dky staly cen\u011bn\u00fdmi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi mazl\u00ed\u010dky, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b d\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti sni\u017eovat mno\u017estv\u00ed energie vynakl\u00e1dan\u00e9 na hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy. St\u00e1le v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda zm\u011bny ve strav\u011b nebo genetick\u00e9 zm\u011bny vyvolaly jejich r\u016fst velikosti. V\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed starov\u011bkou ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed DNA, aby na tuto ot\u00e1zku vrhli sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n\n
Budoucnost domestikace ko\u010dek je nejist\u00e1, ale pouto mezi lidmi a ko\u010dkami nepochybn\u011b formovalo ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed evoluci. Jak na\u0161e porozum\u011bn\u00ed domestikaci ko\u010dek roste, m\u016f\u017eeme ocenit jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 z ko\u010dek ud\u011blaly tak milovan\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00edky v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ko\u010dky: Historie r\u016fstu a domestikace Doba vikingsk\u00e1: Ko\u010dky jako spole\u010dn\u00edci a komodity V dob\u011b vikingsk\u00e9 byly ko\u010dky cen\u011bn\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky pro sv\u00e9 schopnosti v oblasti kontroly \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f. \u010celily v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 ponur\u00e9mu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[3147,136,27,1707,97,741],"class_list":["post-3174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-domestication","tag-evolution","tag-history","tag-cats","tag-science","tag-zoology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3174"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3175,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3174\/revisions\/3175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}