V roce 1666 za\u017eil Lond\u00fdn ni\u010div\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r, kter\u00fd su\u017eoval m\u011bsto po \u010dty\u0159i dny a zni\u010dil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 % jeho dom\u016f. Tradi\u010dn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed t\u00e9to katastrofick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fd: pouh\u00fdch \u0161est potvrzen\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed. Toto \u010d\u00edslo v\u0161ak napadli historici a v\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Rozpor mezi ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010dtem ob\u011bt\u00ed a odhadovan\u00fdm po\u010dtem ob\u011bt\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika faktor\u016f. Zaprv\u00e9, intenzivn\u00ed teplo a plameny po\u017e\u00e1ru sp\u00e1lily mnoho t\u011bl a zanechaly za sebou jen m\u00e1lo d\u016fkaz\u016f. Zadruh\u00e9, ob\u011bti poch\u00e1zeli p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z chud\u0161\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch vrstev, jejich\u017e \u00famrt\u00ed \u010dasto nebyla ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zaznamen\u00e1na. Soudn\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 technologie byla v roce 1666 primitivn\u00ed, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017eovalo identifikaci a s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ostatk\u016f t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli.<\/p>\n\n
Na pam\u00e1tku Velk\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru Lond\u00fdna byl ve m\u011bst\u011b vzty\u010den pam\u00e1tn\u00edk. Ironi\u00ed osudu se tento pam\u00e1tn\u00edk stal m\u00edstem dal\u0161\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed. \u0160est lid\u00ed sp\u00e1chalo sebevra\u017edu skokem ze stavby a dva spadli ne\u0161\u0165astnou n\u00e1hodou k smrti. Tato pochmurn\u00e1 statistika vedla k popul\u00e1rn\u00edmu tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee z p\u00e1du z pam\u00e1tn\u00edku zem\u0159elo v\u00edce lid\u00ed, ne\u017e kolik jich zahynulo p\u0159i samotn\u00e9m po\u017e\u00e1ru.<\/p>\n\n
Neil Hanson, autor knihy “Velk\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r Lond\u00fdna: V onom apokalyptick\u00e9m roce 1666”, provedl rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdzkum po\u017e\u00e1ru a jeho dopadu. Odhadl, \u017ee “n\u011bkolik stovek a velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc” lid\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zahynulo v po\u017e\u00e1ru. Hanson\u016fv v\u00fdzkum je zalo\u017een na skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee po\u017e\u00e1r zni\u010dil tak velkou \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed vysoce nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm, \u017ee by zem\u0159elo pouze \u0161est lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Podhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159i Velk\u00e9m po\u017e\u00e1ru Lond\u00fdna lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst chaotick\u00fdm a zdrcuj\u00edc\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m t\u00e9 doby. S m\u011bstem pohlcen\u00fdm plameny m\u011bli \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pot\u00ed\u017ee s p\u0159\u00edstupem k ob\u011btem a jejich identifikac\u00ed. Nav\u00edc spole\u010densk\u00e1 hierarchie t\u00e9 doby znamenala, \u017ee \u00famrt\u00ed chud\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy byla \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena a nedokumentov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n
Tradi\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed Velk\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1ru Lond\u00fdna zpochybnili historici a v\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o zna\u010dn\u00e9 podhodnocen\u00ed. Rozpor mezi ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fadajem a odhadovan\u00fdm po\u010dtem ob\u011bt\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje obt\u00ed\u017ee s p\u0159esn\u00fdm vyhodnocen\u00edm lidsk\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f historick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e jsou z\u00e1znamy ne\u00fapln\u00e9 nebo zkreslen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159esn\u00fd po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed p\u0159i Velk\u00e9m po\u017e\u00e1ru Lond\u00fdna z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00fd, je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed \u0161esti je nedostate\u010dn\u00fd. D\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee v po\u017e\u00e1ru pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zahynuly stovky nebo dokonce tis\u00edce lid\u00ed, co\u017e je tragick\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta, kter\u00e1 byla zast\u00edn\u011bna historick\u00fdmi p\u0159edsudky a omezen\u00edmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Velk\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r Lond\u00fdna: Rozpor v po\u010dtu ob\u011bt\u00ed Historick\u00fd kontext V roce 1666 za\u017eil Lond\u00fdn ni\u010div\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r, kter\u00fd su\u017eoval m\u011bsto po \u010dty\u0159i dny a zni\u010dil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 % jeho dom\u016f. Tradi\u010dn\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[27,6165,6163,6164,6162],"class_list":["post-3178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-history","tag-london-history","tag-death-toll","tag-discrepancy","tag-great-fire-of-london"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3179,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions\/3179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}