V pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie zanechali prezidenti trvalou stopu nejen v lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, ale tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. Vznikla jedine\u010dn\u00e1 tradice pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u011b objeven\u00fdch druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at po t\u011bchto v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u00edch, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vzniklo trval\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi prezidenty a tvory, kte\u0159\u00ed nesou jejich jm\u00e9na.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstk\u016f do tohoto presti\u017en\u00edho seznamu je Obamadon gracilis, mal\u00e1, hmyzo\u017erav\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011brka, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 65 miliony let ob\u00fdvala pustiny severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Montany. Tento objev, ozn\u00e1men\u00fd v\u011bdci z Yale a Harvardu, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje bohat\u00fd fosiln\u00ed z\u00e1znam, kter\u00fd uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fkazy o d\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Tradice pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at po prezidentech sah\u00e1 a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f americk\u00e9 historie. Jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je Agathidium bushi, brouk pojmenovan\u00fd po Georgeovi W. Bushovi. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e1 prezidentsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata pat\u0159\u00ed Cervus canadensis roosevelti, los pojmenovan\u00fd po Theodoru Rooseveltovi, a Chesapecten jeffersonius, m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161 pojmenovan\u00fd po Thomasu Jeffersonovi.<\/p>\n\n
Thomas Jefferson, zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi \u0161irok\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy, m\u00e1 po sob\u011b pojmenovanou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b rozmanitou \u0161k\u00e1lu druh\u016f. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed Jeffersonia, rostlina b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako revmatick\u00fd ko\u0159en, a Megalonyx jeffersonii, prehistorick\u00fd ob\u0159\u00ed lenochod. Jeho jmenovec m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161, Chesapecten jeffersonius, se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit slo\u017eitou a kr\u00e1snou lasturou.<\/p>\n\n
Prezident Obama m\u011bl tak\u00e9 tu \u010dest, \u017ee po n\u011bm bylo pojmenov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik druh\u016f. V roce 2009 objevili v\u011bdci Caloplaca obamae, druh li\u0161ejn\u00edku, kter\u00fd je pro kr\u00e1vy obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chutn\u00fd. Ned\u00e1vno ekologov\u00e9 a biologov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavili Etheostoma obama, mal\u00e9ho skvrnit\u00e9ho st\u0159evle. Tyto objevy odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed rozmanitost \u017eivota na Zemi a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed proces v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Praktika pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at po prezidentech slou\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkolika \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky t\u011bchto v\u016fdc\u016f spole\u010dnosti a v\u011bd\u011b. Tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje pov\u011bdom\u00ed o v\u00fdznamu biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a pot\u0159eb\u011b chr\u00e1nit ekosyst\u00e9my na\u0161\u00ed planety. Nav\u00edc poskytuje hmatateln\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi lidsk\u00fdm a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sv\u011btem a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 n\u00e1m na\u0161e m\u00edsto v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed tapis\u00e9rii \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
Proces objevov\u00e1n\u00ed a pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch druh\u016f je slo\u017eit\u00fd a fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd podnik. Zahrnuje sb\u011br fosili\u00ed nebo vzork\u016f, pe\u010dliv\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jejich vlastnost\u00ed a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi druhy. Kdy\u017e je identifikov\u00e1n nov\u00fd druh, v\u011bdci navrhnou v\u011bdeck\u00fd n\u00e1zev, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sleduje zaveden\u00e9 taxonomick\u00e9 konvence. N\u00e1zev \u010dasto odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 vlastnosti druhu, jeho biotop nebo jin\u00e9 charakteristick\u00e9 rysy.<\/p>\n\n
Tradice pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at po prezidentech nen\u00ed bez kontroverz\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to lze ch\u00e1pat jako sobeck\u00e9 nebo politicky motivovan\u00e9. Jin\u00ed vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed obavy ohledn\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho posm\u011bchu nebo ne\u00facty, zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e m\u00e1 pojmenovan\u00fd druh vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako negativn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Tradice pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at po prezidentech je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 a trval\u00e1 praxe, kter\u00e1 prol\u00edn\u00e1 historii, v\u011bdu a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed sv\u011bt. Slou\u017e\u00ed jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161\u00edch t\u011bchto v\u016fdc\u016f a o neust\u00e1l\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed porozum\u011bt neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 rozmanitosti \u017eivota na Zemi a ocenit ji. I kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt proces objevov\u00e1n\u00ed a pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btem debaty, odkaz prezidentsk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bohatou a fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed kapitolou v an\u00e1lech v\u011bdy a historie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Prezidentsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata: Odkaz ve fosiln\u00edm z\u00e1znamu V pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie zanechali prezidenti trvalou stopu nejen v lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, ale tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. Vznikla jedine\u010dn\u00e1 tradice pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u011b objeven\u00fdch druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[6176,6181,6177,6178,6182,6179,6180,6175,6174],"class_list":["post-3188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-agathidium-bushi","tag-caloplaca-obamae","tag-cervus-canadensis-roosevelti","tag-chesapecten-jeffersonius","tag-etheostoma-obama","tag-jeffersonia","tag-megalonyx-jeffersonii","tag-obamadon-gracilis","tag-presidential-animals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3189,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3188\/revisions\/3189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}