V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci digit\u00e1ln\u011b spojili dva fragmenty 2300 let star\u00e9ho ln\u011bn\u00e9ho obalu mumie pokryt\u00e9ho hieroglyfy ze staroegyptsk\u00e9 Knihy mrtv\u00fdch. Fragmenty, kter\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u011b poch\u00e1zely ze stejn\u00e9ho svitku, byly roztrou\u0161eny po muze\u00edch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e zam\u011bstnanci Getty Research Institute (GRI) v Los Angeles vid\u011bli fotografie digitalizovan\u00e9ho fragmentu ulo\u017een\u00e9ho v Teece Museum of Classical Antiquities na univerzit\u011b Canterbury (UC) na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu, uv\u011bdomili si, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st jejich sb\u00edrek dokonale zapad\u00e1 k \u00fatr\u017eku z UC.<\/p>\n\n
Kniha mrtv\u00fdch, sb\u00edrka poh\u0159ebn\u00edch text\u016f, \u00fadajn\u011b prov\u00e1zela zesnul\u00e9ho na jeho cest\u011b do posmrtn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Obsahovala zakl\u00ednadla, modlitby a ilustrace zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed cestu a v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm du\u0161e musela \u010delit v podsv\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Znovu spojen\u00e9 fragmenty poch\u00e1zely z \u0159ady obvaz\u016f, jimi\u017e byl kdysi ovinut mu\u017e jm\u00e9nem Petosiris. \u00datr\u017eky lnu jsou roztrou\u0161eny po muze\u00edch a soukrom\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Fragment z UC poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze sb\u00edrky Charlese Augusta Murraye, britsk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho konzula v Egypt\u011b v letech 1846 a\u017e 1853. Pozd\u011bji se stal majetkem britsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka sira Thomase Phillipse. Univerzita z\u00edskala len na aukci Sotheby’s v Lond\u00fdn\u011b v roce 1972.<\/p>\n\n
Starov\u011bk\u00e1 egyptsk\u00e1 v\u00edra tvrdila, \u017ee zesnul\u00fd pot\u0159ebuje na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b do a v posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b sv\u011btsk\u00e9 statky. Um\u011bn\u00ed v pyramid\u00e1ch a hrobk\u00e1ch zobrazovalo sc\u00e9ny s ob\u011btmi, z\u00e1sobami, slu\u017eebn\u00edky a dal\u0161\u00edmi nezbytnostmi pro posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n
Starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed texty se poprv\u00e9 objevily na st\u011bn\u00e1ch hrobek b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2613 a\u017e 2181 p\u0159. n. l.). Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku mohli m\u00edt tyto takzvan\u00e9 Texty pyramid vyryt\u00e9 na sv\u00fdch hrobech pouze \u010dlenov\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny ve star\u00e9 nekropoli Sakk\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n
Postupem \u010dasu se poh\u0159ebn\u00ed zvyky m\u011bnily a verze Text\u016f rakv\u00ed \u2013 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed adaptace Text\u016f pyramid \u2013 se objevily na sarkof\u00e1z\u00edch ne\u010dlen\u016f kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny. B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1539 a\u017e 1075 p\u0159. n. l.) se Kniha mrtv\u00fdch stala dostupn\u00e1 v\u0161em, kdo si ji mohli dovolit.<\/p>\n\n
U\u010denci doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u011b spojen\u00e9 fragmenty odhal\u00ed v\u00edce informac\u00ed o starov\u011bk\u00fdch egyptsk\u00fdch poh\u0159ebn\u00edch praktik\u00e1ch. \u201eP\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, stejn\u011b jako rub\u00e1\u0161, se pomalu skl\u00e1d\u00e1 dohromady,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Terri Elder, kur\u00e1torka v Teece Museum.<\/p>\n\n
Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed op\u011btovn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed t\u011bchto fragment\u016f poskytuje v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm cennou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost prostudovat Knihu mrtv\u00fdch podrobn\u011bji a z\u00edskat poznatky o v\u00ed\u0159e a zvyc\u00edch staroegyptsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dalomky staroegyptsk\u00e9 ‘Knihy mrtv\u00fdch’ se po stalet\u00edch op\u011bt setkaly Objev a op\u011btovn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci digit\u00e1ln\u011b spojili dva fragmenty 2300 let star\u00e9ho ln\u011bn\u00e9ho obalu mumie pokryt\u00e9ho hieroglyfy ze staroegyptsk\u00e9 Knihy mrtv\u00fdch.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,848,850,27,543,837,849,541],"class_list":["post-320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-egyptology","tag-hieroglyphics","tag-history","tag-mummies","tag-religion","tag-funerary-practices","tag-ancient-egypt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=320"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":321,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320\/revisions\/321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}