V roce 1915 n\u011bmeck\u00fd paleontolog Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach popsal bizarn\u00ed fosilii dinosaura z Egypta, kterou pojmenoval Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201eegyptsk\u00fd trnit\u00fd je\u0161t\u011br\u201c. Fosilie zahrnovala obratle a kus lebky, ale Stromerovu pr\u00e1ci p\u0159eru\u0161il n\u00e1stup nacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a zni\u010den\u00ed poz\u016fstatk\u016f Spinosauruse p\u0159i spojeneck\u00e9m n\u00e1letu.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2008 paleontolog Nizar Ibrahim cestoval do Sahary p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed fosili\u00ed africk\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f. M\u00edstn\u00ed lovec fosili\u00ed mu uk\u00e1zal kost ve tvaru \u010depele, kter\u00e1 se podobala trn\u016fm Spinosauruse. Ibrahim fosilii p\u0159ivezl zp\u011bt do Maroka a pozd\u011bji zjistil, \u017ee P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 muzeum v Mil\u00e1n\u011b z\u00edskalo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou kostru Spinosauruse.<\/p>\n\n
Ibrahim a jeho kolegov\u00e9 vystopovali zdroj kost\u00ed do jeskyn\u011b ve skalnat\u00e9m \u00fatesu v lo\u017eisc\u00edch fosili\u00ed Kem Kem v Maroku. Dal\u0161\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky odhalily v\u00edce trn\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch kost\u00ed Spinosauruse, co\u017e potvrdilo, \u017ee tento exempl\u00e1\u0159 pat\u0159il ke stejn\u00e9mu druhu, jak\u00fd popsal Stromer p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n
Spinosaurus byl neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b velk\u00fd dinosaurus, m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e 50 stop (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 metr\u016f) na d\u00e9lku a p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed velikost Tyrannosaurus rexe o 9 stop (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,7 metru). Jeho nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm znakem byly dlouh\u00e9, plachtovit\u00e9 trny na h\u0159betn\u00edch obratlech, kter\u00e9 mohly dosahovat v\u00fd\u0161ky 6,5 stopy (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 metry).<\/p>\n\n
Spinosaurus m\u011bl tak\u00e9 \u0159adu adaptac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee byl polo-vodn\u00ed. Jeho dlouh\u00e1, \u00fazk\u00e1 tlama a nozdry um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 uprost\u0159ed lebky mu umo\u017e\u0148ovaly pono\u0159it hlavu p\u0159i lovu. M\u011bl tak\u00e9 neurovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0161t\u011brbiny, podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed u krokod\u00fdl\u016f, kter\u00e9 mu mohly pomoci c\u00edtit ko\u0159ist pod vodou.<\/p>\n\n
Spinosaurus m\u011bl dlouh\u00fd krk jako volavka nebo \u010d\u00e1p a jeho siln\u00e9, s dr\u00e1py vybaven\u00e9 pa\u017ee byly vhodn\u00e9 pro chyt\u00e1n\u00ed a konzumaci ryb. Jeho p\u00e1nev byla mal\u00e1, ale p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 ke siln\u00fdm, kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm noh\u00e1m, podobn\u011b jako u starov\u011bk\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f velryb. Jeho velk\u00e9 nohy m\u011bly ploch\u00e9 dr\u00e1py, kter\u00e9 mohly b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro p\u00e1dlov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 adaptace Spinosauruse podporuj\u00ed teorii, \u017ee tr\u00e1vil zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu ve vod\u011b. Jeho voln\u011b spojen\u00e9 ocasn\u00ed kosti mu mohly umo\u017enit pohyb vp\u0159ed jako ryba a jeho hust\u011b sbalen\u00e9 kosti se podobaj\u00ed kostem tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159edchoz\u00ed anal\u00fdza izotop\u016f kysl\u00edku nazna\u010dila, \u017ee Spinosaurus byl pescatari\u00e1n, kter\u00fd se prim\u00e1rn\u011b \u017eivil rybami. Jeho ku\u017eelovit\u00e9 zuby a siln\u00e9 dr\u00e1py by byly \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pro chyt\u00e1n\u00ed a konzumaci vodn\u00ed ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n
Funkce plachtovit\u00fdch trn\u016f Spinosauruse je st\u00e1le z\u00e1hadou. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se mohly pou\u017e\u00edvat pro \u00fa\u010dely vystavov\u00e1n\u00ed, signalizuj\u00edc\u00ed jin\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm jeho velikost a v\u011bk. Jin\u00ed navrhuj\u00ed, \u017ee se mohly pou\u017e\u00edvat jako termoregula\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1halo absorbovat teplo ze slunce.<\/p>\n\n
Objev Spinosauruse zp\u016fsobil revoluci v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed evoluce a chov\u00e1n\u00ed dinosaur\u016f. Zpochyb\u0148uje tradi\u010dn\u00ed pohled na dinosaury jako v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b suchozemsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mohly p\u0159izp\u016fsobit polo-vodn\u00edmu \u017eivotn\u00edmu stylu.<\/p>\n\n
Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 adaptace Spinosauruse vyvolaly debaty a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum evoluce vodn\u00edch plaz\u016f a rozmanitosti chov\u00e1n\u00ed dinosaur\u016f. Slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 plasticity a adaptability \u017eivota na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdstava s n\u00e1zvem \u201eSpinosaurus: Ztracen\u00fd obr k\u0159\u00eddy\u201c je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b k vid\u011bn\u00ed v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm geografick\u00e9m muzeu ve Washingtonu, D.C. V\u00fdstava p\u0159edstavuje digit\u00e1ln\u00ed model, 3D ti\u0161t\u011bnou kostru a dokreslen\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed Spinosaurus aegyptiacus.<\/p>\n\n
National Geographic a NOVA tak\u00e9 odvys\u00edlaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed dokument o Spinosaurus na PBS 5. listopadu v 21:00. Dokument prozkoum\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy a v\u00fdznam tohoto mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho dinosaura.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Spinosaurus: Mocn\u00fd polo-vodn\u00ed dinosaurus Objev a identifikace V roce 1915 n\u011bmeck\u00fd paleontolog Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach popsal bizarn\u00ed fosilii dinosaura z Egypta, kterou pojmenoval Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201eegyptsk\u00fd trnit\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[1647,6323,2704,2702,5059,1090,6324,6322],"class_list":["post-3267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-adaptation","tag-aquatic","tag-dinosaur","tag-fossil","tag-vertebrae","tag-predator","tag-semi-aquatic","tag-spinosaurus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3267"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24992,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3267\/revisions\/24992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}