{"id":3313,"date":"2020-09-14T08:41:53","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T08:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3313"},"modified":"2020-09-14T08:41:53","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T08:41:53","slug":"gray-whale-deaths-san-francisco-bay-area-climate-change-food-scarcity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/marine-biology\/gray-whale-deaths-san-francisco-bay-area-climate-change-food-scarcity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00damrt\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb v z\u00e1toce San Francisco: Znepokojiv\u00fd trend"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00damrt\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb v z\u00e1toce San Francisco: D\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m<\/h2>\n\n

Neobvykl\u00e1 \u00famrtnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1lost<\/h2>\n\n

V posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch bylo v oblasti z\u00e1livu San Francisco nalezeno alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb. K kv\u011btnu 2023 bylo na m\u00edstn\u00edch b\u0159ez\u00edch nalezeno dev\u011bt mrtv\u00fdch \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb, co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst oproti typick\u00e9mu po\u010dtu jednoho a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed \u00famrt\u00ed v tomto obdob\u00ed roku.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u00famrt\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Experti z Marine Mammal Center zjistili, \u017ee t\u0159i z velryb zem\u0159ely v d\u016fsledku st\u0159etu s lod\u00ed, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina smrti jedn\u00e9 velryby z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i velryby v\u0161ak vykazovaly zn\u00e1mky podv\u00fd\u017eivy, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nedostatek potravy.<\/p>\n\n

Naru\u0161en\u00e9 potravn\u00ed zdroje v Arktid\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

\u0160ed\u00e9 velryby ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b migruj\u00ed z tepl\u00fdch vod Baja California v Mexiku do \u017eivinami bohat\u00fdch vod severn\u00edho Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu a Arktidy. B\u011bhem letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se intenzivn\u011b krm\u00ed v Arktid\u011b a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed si tukov\u00e9 rezervy na svou dlouhou cestu zp\u011bt do Mexika a do chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n\n

Klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v\u0161ak maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na arktick\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m. Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed teploty zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed t\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje konkurenci o potravu, proto\u017ee v\u00edce ryb migruje do oblast\u00ed, kde se \u0161ed\u00e9 velryby tradi\u010dn\u011b \u017eiv\u00ed kor\u00fd\u0161i, planktonem a m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n

Zn\u00e1mky t\u00edsn\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci pozorovali n\u011bkolik zn\u00e1mek toho, \u017ee \u0161ed\u00e9 velryby maj\u00ed v Arktid\u011b pot\u00ed\u017ee naj\u00edt dostatek potravy. Letos na ja\u0159e byly velryby spat\u0159eny p\u0159i krmen\u00ed v z\u00e1livu San Francisco na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b na sever, co\u017e je neobvykl\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jim mo\u017en\u00e1 doch\u00e1zej\u00ed energetick\u00e9 rezervy. Nav\u00edc zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u010detnost st\u0159et\u016f s lod\u011bmi m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee se velryby p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed ke b\u0159ehu p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00e1 \u00famrtnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1lost<\/h2>\n\n

Toto nen\u00ed poprv\u00e9, co \u0161ed\u00e9 velryby za\u017eily neobvyklou \u00famrtnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1lost. Mezi lety 1999 a 2000 uhynulo na z\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Severn\u00ed Ameriky p\u0159es 600 \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina tohoto \u00fahynu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1, ale p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee roli hr\u00e1lo hladov\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 obavy<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb letos nen\u00ed tak vysok\u00fd jako b\u011bhem p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00famrtnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, odborn\u00edci se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee trend by mohl pokra\u010dovat. Docentka Frances Gullandov\u00e1 z Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v Davisu, Fakulty veterin\u00e1rn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed odhaduje, \u017ee by do konce sez\u00f3ny mohlo b\u00fdt nalezeno a\u017e 70 mrtv\u00fdch \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb, pokud sou\u010dasn\u00e9 tempo bude pokra\u010dovat.<\/p>\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady<\/h2>\n\n

Ztr\u00e1ta \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro mo\u0159sk\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m. \u0160ed\u00e9 velryby jsou d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce a jejich \u00fabytek by mohl m\u00edt kask\u00e1dov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na jin\u00e9 druhy. Krom\u011b toho \u0161ed\u00e9 velryby hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v sekvestraci uhl\u00edku a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zm\u00edrnit dopady zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb. Prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pitvy, analyzuj\u00ed vzorky tk\u00e1n\u00ed a monitoruj\u00ed populace velryb, aby l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli faktor\u016fm, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k t\u00e9to neobvykl\u00e9 \u00famrtnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00damrt\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb v z\u00e1toce San Francisco: D\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m Neobvykl\u00e1 \u00famrtnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1lost V posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch bylo v oblasti z\u00e1livu San Francisco nalezeno alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch \u0161ed\u00fdch velryb. K kv\u011btnu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[6393,6392,238,6394,6391,34],"class_list":["post-3313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-biology","tag-arctic-ecosystem","tag-food-scarcity","tag-marine-mammals","tag-unusual-mortality-event","tag-gray-whales","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3313"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3314,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3313\/revisions\/3314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}