{"id":3315,"date":"2023-07-24T19:41:50","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T19:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3315"},"modified":"2023-07-24T19:41:50","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T19:41:50","slug":"day-of-the-dead-honoring-the-departed-and-celebrating-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/culture-and-traditions\/day-of-the-dead-honoring-the-departed-and-celebrating-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Den mrtv\u00fdch: Oslava \u017eivota a uct\u011bn\u00ed zesnul\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Den mrtv\u00fdch: Uct\u011bn\u00ed zesnul\u00fdch a oslava \u017eivota<\/h2>\n\n

Dia de los Muertos: Mexick\u00e1 tradice<\/h2>\n\n

Dia de los Muertos, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Den mrtv\u00fdch, je mexick\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b slav\u00ed 1. a 2. listopadu na pam\u00e1tku zesnul\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch. Je to \u017eiv\u00e1 a barevn\u00e1 oslava, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159eklenout propast mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a mrtv\u00fdmi a umo\u017enit rodin\u00e1m a komunit\u00e1m, aby se spojily se sv\u00fdmi zesnul\u00fdmi p\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n

Dia de los Muertos m\u00e1 ko\u0159eny ve starov\u011bk\u00fdch domorod\u00fdch v\u00edr\u00e1ch a tradic\u00edch. Domorod\u00ed lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee du\u0161e neum\u00edraj\u00ed, ale m\u00edsto toho \u017eij\u00ed d\u00e1l v Mictlanu, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b odpo\u010dinku. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed se, \u017ee se tito duchov\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00e9 dny vracej\u00ed do sv\u00fdch domov\u016f, aby nav\u0161t\u00edvili sv\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Potravinov\u00e9 ob\u011bti a olt\u00e1\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n

J\u00eddlo hraje v oslav\u00e1ch Dia de los Muertos \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli. Rodiny stav\u00ed propracovan\u00e9 olt\u00e1\u0159e neboli ofrendas, v\u011bnovan\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm osob\u00e1m nebo skupin\u00e1m lid\u00ed. Tyto olt\u00e1\u0159e jsou ozdobeny m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dky, sv\u00ed\u010dkami, kadidlem, fotografiemi a obl\u00edben\u00fdmi pokrmy a n\u00e1poji zesnul\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n

Potravinov\u00e9 ob\u011bti maj\u00ed symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed se, \u017ee duchov\u00e9 \u201ejed\u00ed\u201c v\u016fni, ne-li podstatu t\u011bchto pochoutek. Mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 ob\u011bti pat\u0159\u00ed atole, mole, ko\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 tamales, pan de muerto (sladk\u00fd chl\u00e9b mrtv\u00fdch) a calaveras de azucar (cukrov\u00e9 lebky).<\/p>\n\n

Oslava \u017eivota a zesnul\u00fdch<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se Dia de los Muertos \u010dasto spojuje se smrt\u00ed, je to stejn\u011b tak oslava \u017eivota. Rodiny a komunity se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed, aby si p\u0159ipomn\u011bly a uctily sv\u00e9 zesnul\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9, sd\u00edlely p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, sm\u00edch a vzpom\u00ednky.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bti si pochutn\u00e1vaj\u00ed na calaveras de azucar, \u010dasto ozdoben\u00fdch jm\u00e9nem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho zesnul\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele nebo p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho, a na kandovan\u00e9 d\u00fdni neboli calabaza en tacha. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed si dop\u0159\u00e1vaj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1poje jako tequilu nebo mezcal destilovan\u00fd z rostliny ag\u00e1ve.<\/p>\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 zvyky a tradice<\/h2>\n\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed tradice a zvyky se li\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto od m\u00edsta, ale j\u00eddlo a oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. V Los Angeles m\u00e1 jeden h\u0159bitov dokonce sout\u011b\u017e ve v\u00fdrob\u011b olt\u00e1\u0159\u016f Dia de los Muertos, i kdy\u017e z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f musej\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky nahradit sv\u011btla na baterie.<\/p>\n\n

Je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt nemexick\u00e9 n\u00e1hrobky zdoben\u00e9 kv\u011btinami, ply\u0161ov\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty, fotografiemi, sladkostmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi osobn\u00edmi pam\u00e1tkami, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidskou pot\u0159ebu zanech\u00e1vat ob\u011bti sv\u00fdm zesnul\u00fdm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n

Domorod\u00e9 v\u00edry a vlivy<\/h2>\n\n

Dia de los Muertos bylo ovlivn\u011bno jak domorod\u00fdmi v\u00edrami, tak katolickou tradic\u00ed Du\u0161i\u010dek. Domorod\u00fd koncept Mictlanu, m\u00edsta odpo\u010dinku mrtv\u00fdch, a v\u00edra, \u017ee se duchov\u00e9 vracej\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvit sv\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00e9 dny, tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad tohoto sv\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n\n

Katolick\u00e1 tradice Du\u0161i\u010dek, slaven\u00e1 2. listopadu, tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bla k rozvoji Dia de los Muertos. Katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee v tento den mohou modlitby a ob\u011bti pomoci du\u0161\u00edm zem\u0159el\u00fdch v o\u010distci dos\u00e1hnout sp\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n\n

\u017divouc\u00ed a smyslupln\u00e1 tradice<\/h2>\n\n

Dia de los Muertos je \u017eivouc\u00ed a smyslupln\u00e1 tradice, kter\u00e1 oslavuje trval\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a mrtv\u00fdmi. Je to \u010das, kdy si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me sv\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9, ct\u00edme jejich pam\u00e1tku a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me jak radosti, tak i strasti \u017eivota. Potravinov\u00e9 ob\u011bti, olt\u00e1\u0159e a slavnosti slou\u017e\u00ed jako most mezi fyzickou a duchovn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rodin\u00e1m a komunit\u00e1m, aby se spojily se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159edky a na\u0161ly \u00fat\u011bchu ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch na n\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Den mrtv\u00fdch: Uct\u011bn\u00ed zesnul\u00fdch a oslava \u017eivota Dia de los Muertos: Mexick\u00e1 tradice Dia de los Muertos, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Den mrtv\u00fdch, je mexick\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b slav\u00ed 1.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3847],"tags":[6396,6395,6398,63,6397,6399,1726,6400],"class_list":["post-3315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture-and-traditions","tag-day-of-the-dead","tag-dia-de-los-muertos","tag-food-offerings","tag-culture","tag-mexican-holiday","tag-altars","tag-traditions","tag-life-and-death"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3315"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3316,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3315\/revisions\/3316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}