{"id":3332,"date":"2019-12-30T08:06:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3332"},"modified":"2019-12-30T08:06:00","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T08:06:00","slug":"forgotten-genocide-bangladesh-struggle-independence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/forgotten-genocide-bangladesh-struggle-independence\/","title":{"rendered":"Zapomenut\u00e1 genocida: Banglad\u00e9\u0161sk\u00fd boj za nez\u00e1vislost"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zapomenut\u00e1 genocida: Banglad\u00e9\u0161sk\u00fd boj za nez\u00e1vislost<\/h2>\n\n

Historick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1947 rozd\u011blen\u00ed Britsk\u00e9 Indie vytvo\u0159ilo nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Indie a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu. P\u00e1kist\u00e1n byl v\u0161ak rozd\u011blen do dvou oblast\u00ed, V\u00fdchodn\u00edho a Z\u00e1padn\u00edho P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu, odd\u011blen\u00fdch v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 m\u00edlemi indick\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee byl V\u00fdchodn\u00ed P\u00e1kist\u00e1n lidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed, \u010delil hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 zanedbanosti ze strany Z\u00e1padn\u00edho P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu. Tato nerovnost spolu s kulturn\u00edmi a jazykov\u00fdmi rozd\u00edly vyvolala nap\u011bt\u00ed a odpor.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edprava na genocidu<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1970 se v P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu konaly volby. Awami League veden\u00e1 \u0160ejkem Mud\u017e\u00edburem Rahm\u00e1nem z\u00edskala ve V\u00fdchodn\u00edm P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu v\u011bt\u0161inu k\u0159esel na platform\u011b autonomie. Vojensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da Z\u00e1padn\u00edho P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu v\u0161ak odm\u00edtla p\u0159edat moc, co\u017e vyvolalo protesty a ob\u010danskou neposlu\u0161nost ve V\u00fdchodn\u00edm P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. b\u0159ezna 1971 pakist\u00e1nsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky zah\u00e1jily Operaci Searchlight, brut\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sah proti beng\u00e1lsk\u00fdm civilist\u016fm ve V\u00fdchodn\u00edm P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu. Odhady po\u010dtu ob\u011bt\u00ed se pohybuj\u00ed od 500 000 do v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 milion\u016f, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed politizaci t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odezva<\/h2>\n\n

    Sv\u011btov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed odsoudilo zv\u011brstva v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i. Zejm\u00e9na Indie ji ozna\u010dila za \u201egenocidu\u201c. Krize v\u0161ak byla zast\u00edn\u011bna studenou v\u00e1lkou. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 vid\u011bly P\u00e1kist\u00e1n jako spojence proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu, zleh\u010dovaly n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nad\u00e1le poskytovaly vojenskou podporu.<\/p>\n\n

    Spolu\u00fa\u010dast USA<\/h2>\n\n

    Navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m sv\u00fdch diplomat\u016f v regionu Nixonova administrativa ignorovala zv\u011brstva a odvolala americk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho konzula, kter\u00fd se vyslovil proti p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu. Tato ne\u010dinnost odr\u00e1\u017eela up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti p\u0159ed lidsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n

    Banglad\u00e9\u0161sk\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost<\/h2>\n\n

    Masakr v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i skon\u010dil, kdy\u017e v prosinci 1971 zas\u00e1hla Indie, co\u017e vedlo k bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e9 kapitulaci P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a nez\u00e1vislosti Banglad\u00e9\u0161e. Lidsk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady tohoto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v\u0161ak byly obrovsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

    D\u011bdictv\u00ed genocidy<\/h2>\n\n

    Banglad\u00e9\u0161 se st\u00e1le pot\u00fdk\u00e1 se svou krvavou histori\u00ed. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed tribun\u00e1l pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd sou\u010dasnou vl\u00e1dou, byl kritizov\u00e1n za to, \u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159uje na politick\u00e9 oponenty, m\u00edsto aby \u0159e\u0161il \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed genocidy.<\/p>\n\n

    Pou\u010den\u00ed pro budoucnost<\/h2>\n\n

    Genocida v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o tom, jak zem\u011b reaguj\u00ed na masov\u00e1 zv\u011brstva v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Zv\u00fdraz\u0148uje nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy a univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmi hodnotami a pot\u0159ebu up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice.<\/p>\n\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n
      \n
    • Genocida v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i byla slo\u017eitou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed s mnoha p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami, v\u010detn\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f, politick\u00e9ho \u00fatlaku a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mocensk\u00e9 dynamiky.<\/li>\n
    • Po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed genocidy je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem debaty, je v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se dopustila rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch zv\u011brstev na beng\u00e1lsk\u00e9m lidu.<\/li>\n
    • Reakce USA na genocidu v Banglad\u00e9\u0161i byla siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bna studenou v\u00e1lkou a Nixonova administrativa up\u0159ednost\u0148ovala bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159ed lidsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy.<\/li>\n
    • Banglad\u00e9\u0161\u016fv boj s vyrovn\u00e1n\u00edm se s genocidou pokra\u010duje dodnes, s prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fasil\u00edm o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Zapomenut\u00e1 genocida: Banglad\u00e9\u0161sk\u00fd boj za nez\u00e1vislost Historick\u00fd kontext V roce 1947 rozd\u011blen\u00ed Britsk\u00e9 Indie vytvo\u0159ilo nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Indie a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu. P\u00e1kist\u00e1n byl v\u0161ak rozd\u011blen do dvou oblast\u00ed, V\u00fdchodn\u00edho a Z\u00e1padn\u00edho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6424,6419,69,6422,1882,6420,6423,6421],"class_list":["post-3332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-south-asian-history","tag-bangladesh-genocide","tag-human-rights","tag-mass-atrocities","tag-international-relations","tag-cold-war-politics","tag-genocide-studies","tag-us-foreign-policy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3332"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3333,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332\/revisions\/3333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}