{"id":3338,"date":"2023-08-30T08:35:59","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T08:35:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3338"},"modified":"2023-08-30T08:35:59","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T08:35:59","slug":"the-history-of-merit-badges-a-cultural-history-of-the-united-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/education\/the-history-of-merit-badges-a-cultural-history-of-the-united-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie odznak\u016f za z\u00e1sluhy: Zrcadlo americk\u00e9 kultury a spole\u010densk\u00fdch zm\u011bn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Historie odznak za z\u00e1sluhy: Kulturn\u00ed historie Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdvoj skautingu<\/h2>\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edho stolet\u00ed povzbuzovali skauti a skautky nespo\u010det mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, aby byli p\u0159ipraveni na v\u00fdzvy \u017eivota. Na prvn\u00ed pohled se tyto organizace mohou zd\u00e1t starom\u00f3dn\u00ed s d\u016frazem na tradi\u010dn\u00ed dovednosti, jako je kempov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce se d\u0159evem. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pohled na odznaky za z\u00e1sluhy ud\u011blovan\u00e9 t\u011bmito skupinami odhaluje fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historii americk\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed a m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se hodnot spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Odznaky za z\u00e1sluhy jako odraz americk\u00e9 kultury<\/h2>\n\n

St\u00e1le se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed soupiska odznak\u016f za z\u00e1sluhy nab\u00edzen\u00fdch skauty a skautkami poskytuje jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled na to, co znamenalo pro d\u00edvky a chlapce \u201eb\u00fdt p\u0159ipraven\u201c v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie. Tyto odznaky odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti a technologick\u00fd pokrok, kter\u00e9 formovaly americkou spole\u010dnost, od zaveden\u00ed automobilu a\u017e po \u00fasvit vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho v\u011bku a n\u00e1stup internetu.<\/p>\n\n

Prvn\u00ed odznaky za z\u00e1sluhy<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1911 zavedli skauti prvn\u00ed odznaky za z\u00e1sluhy, v\u010detn\u011b jednoho v automobilismu, co\u017e byla dovednost, kter\u00e1 se st\u00e1vala st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jak se auta st\u00e1vala roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Skautky n\u00e1sledovaly v roce 1912 a nab\u00eddly odznak v ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00fdchov\u011b, aby p\u0159ipravily d\u00edvky na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed volby. Po p\u0159ijet\u00ed 19. dodatku v roce 1920 byl tento odznak p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na odznak ob\u010dana.<\/p>\n\n

Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se skauti naplno pustili do letectv\u00ed a dokonce p\u0159edstavili odno\u017e Air Scouts. Skautky mezit\u00edm za\u010daly p\u011bstovat p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu odznaku sv\u011btov\u00fdch znalost\u00ed. V pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed skauti pokra\u010dovali v kladen\u00ed d\u016frazu na v\u011bdu a technologii a zavedli odznaky v atomov\u00e9 energii a n\u00e1vrhu letadel.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00e1stup televize a vesm\u00edrn\u00fd v\u011bk<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. a 60. l\u00e9ta 20. stolet\u00ed byla sv\u011bdkem n\u00e1stupu televize a vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho v\u011bku, co\u017e se odrazilo v nov\u00fdch odznac\u00edch za z\u00e1sluhy nab\u00edzen\u00fdch ob\u011bma organizacemi. Skautky zavedly odznak rozhlasu a televize, zat\u00edmco skauti p\u0159idali odznak pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Modern\u00ed odznaky za z\u00e1sluhy<\/h2>\n\n

    V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch skauti a skautky neust\u00e1le p\u0159izp\u016fsobovali svou nab\u00eddku odznak\u016f za z\u00e1sluhy tak, aby odr\u00e1\u017eela m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se pot\u0159eby spole\u010dnosti. Skauti zavedli odznaky v oblasti pov\u011bdom\u00ed o posti\u017een\u00ed a prevence kriminality, zat\u00edmco skautky se zam\u011b\u0159ily na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed STEM se zaveden\u00edm 24 nov\u00fdch odznak\u016f v oborech, jako je kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a robotika.<\/p>\n\n

    Z\u00e1pis d\u00edvek do skaut\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

    V roce 2019 ozn\u00e1mili skauti, \u017ee za\u010dnou zapisovat d\u00edvky do sv\u00fdch \u0159ad. Toto historick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se postoje ke genderov\u00fdm rol\u00edm ve spole\u010dnosti a rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed STEM pro d\u00edvky.<\/p>\n\n

    Odznaky STEM a budoucnost skautingu<\/h2>\n\n

    D\u016fraz skautek na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed STEM je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u00fd, proto\u017ee odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rostouc\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto obor\u016f v ekonomice 21. stolet\u00ed. Nab\u00eddkou odznak\u016f v p\u0159edm\u011btech STEM pom\u00e1haj\u00ed skautky p\u0159ipravovat d\u00edvky na v\u00fdzvy a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

    Historie odznak\u016f za z\u00e1sluhy je fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm odrazem m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se hodnot a technologick\u00e9ho pokroku, kter\u00e9 formovaly americkou spole\u010dnost v pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edho stolet\u00ed. Od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f automobilismu a letectv\u00ed a\u017e po modern\u00ed \u00e9ru vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed STEM a z\u00e1pisu d\u00edvek do skaut\u016f poskytuj\u00ed tyto odznaky jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled na v\u00fdvoj americk\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed a trval\u00fd odkaz skautsk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Historie odznak za z\u00e1sluhy: Kulturn\u00ed historie Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f V\u00fdvoj skautingu V pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edho stolet\u00ed povzbuzovali skauti a skautky nespo\u010det mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, aby byli p\u0159ipraveni na v\u00fdzvy \u017eivota. Na prvn\u00ed pohled…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1513],"tags":[6431,19,1770,6433,6434,6432,936],"class_list":["post-3338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","tag-boy-scouts","tag-american-history","tag-cultural-history","tag-merit-badges","tag-scouting","tag-girl-scouts","tag-stem-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3338"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3338\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3339,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3338\/revisions\/3339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}