Gibraltar, mal\u00fd poloostrov na ji\u017en\u00edm c\u00edpu \u0160pan\u011blska, sehr\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v historii neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f, vyhynul\u00e9ho druhu \u010dlov\u011bka. V roce 1848 narazil kapit\u00e1n Edmund Flint, d\u016fstojn\u00edk britsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva, na prvn\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lskou fosilii v Gibraltaru, lebku dosp\u011bl\u00e9 \u017eeny zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Gibraltar 1. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebyli neandrt\u00e1lci v\u011bd\u011b zn\u00e1mi a lebka byla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kuriozitu.<\/p>\n\n
Objev Gibraltaru 1 vyvolal dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fzkum, kter\u00fd vedl k identifikaci osmi nalezi\u0161\u0165 neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f po cel\u00e9m Gibraltaru. Tato m\u00edsta, v\u010detn\u011b lomu Forbes’ Quarry a skaln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ku Devil’s Tower, odhalila d\u016fkazy o os\u00eddlen\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lci po tis\u00edce let. Archeologov\u00e9 objevili kamenn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed poz\u016fstatky a dal\u0161\u00ed artefakty, kter\u00e9 poskytly vhled do \u017eivota t\u011bchto d\u00e1vn\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed Gibraltaru hr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f. Tepl\u00e9 st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 klima regionu a rozmanit\u00e9 biotopy, v\u010detn\u011b les\u016f, savan, slanisek a k\u0159ovin, poskytovaly bohat\u00e9 zdroje potravy. Neandrt\u00e1lci lovili jeleny, kr\u00e1l\u00edky a pt\u00e1ky a sv\u016fj j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek dopl\u0148ovali mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi plody, jako jsou tuleni mni\u0161i, ryby, mu\u0161le a dokonce i delf\u00edni.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v Gibraltaru neandrt\u00e1lci nakonec vyhynuli p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 24 000 a\u017e 28 000 lety. D\u016fvody jejich vyhynut\u00ed jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem debat, ale mo\u017en\u00fdmi faktory jsou zm\u011bna klimatu, konkurence s modern\u00edmi lidmi nebo kombinace obou. K \u00fapln\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedly ke zmizen\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n
Gibraltar je i dnes cenn\u00fdm m\u00edstem pro v\u00fdzkum neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f. Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky v jeskyni Gorham’s Cave a jeskyni Vanguard Cave vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na \u017eivot a dobu posledn\u00edch neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed. V\u011bdci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed metody ke zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed na\u0161eho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00e9 chronologie a chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed Gibraltaru mu vyneslo m\u00edsto na seznamu potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. Bohat\u00fd z\u00e1znam zkamen\u011blin na poloostrov\u011b, rozmanit\u00e1 s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b a jedine\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed neoceniteln\u00fd zdroj pro studium v\u00fdvoje a vyhynut\u00ed tohoto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho druhu. Jak v\u00fdzkum pokra\u010duje, Gibraltar slibuje, \u017ee poskytne dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky o slo\u017eit\u00e9 historii lidsk\u00fdch po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Posledn\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f: Gibraltarsk\u00e1 sk\u00e1la Objev neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f z Gibraltaru Gibraltar, mal\u00fd poloostrov na ji\u017en\u00edm c\u00edpu \u0160pan\u011blska, sehr\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v historii neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f, vyhynul\u00e9ho druhu \u010dlov\u011bka. V roce 1848 narazil kapit\u00e1n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[88,6471,487,1019,137],"class_list":["post-3371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-gibraltar","tag-human-evolution","tag-neanderthals","tag-paleontology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3371"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3372,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions\/3372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}