Orangutani, na\u0161i nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed z \u0159\u00e1du prim\u00e1t\u016f, dlouhodob\u011b fascinuj\u00ed v\u011bdce svou inteligenc\u00ed a komplexn\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm. Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f komunikace orangutan\u016f je jejich schopnost \u201emluvit\u201c o minulosti, dovednost, kter\u00e1 byla d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jedine\u010dnou pro lidi.<\/p>\n\n
Posunut\u00fd odkaz je schopnost odkazovat na objekty nebo ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 nejsou fyzicky p\u0159\u00edtomny. Tato dovednost n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje sd\u00edlet vzpom\u00ednky, pl\u00e1novat budoucnost a v\u011bnovat se slo\u017eit\u00e9mu vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00edct p\u0159\u00edteli o filmu, kter\u00fd jste vid\u011bli minul\u00fd t\u00fdden, i kdy\u017e u\u017e se film neprom\u00edt\u00e1 a vy ho pr\u00e1v\u011b nesledujete.<\/p>\n\n
Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee orangutani tuto pozoruhodnou schopnost maj\u00ed. V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studii v\u011bdci pozorovali matky orangutan\u016f, jak varovaly sv\u00e9 potomky p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pred\u00e1tory, a to i pot\u00e9, co pred\u00e1to\u0159i opustili dan\u00e9 m\u00edsto. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee orangutani si dok\u00e1\u017eou pamatovat a komunikovat o minul\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech, co\u017e je dovednost nezbytn\u00e1 pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed ve slo\u017eit\u00e9m a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 matkami orangutan\u016f slou\u017e\u00ed dv\u011bma d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm funkc\u00edm: signalizuj\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a u\u010d\u00ed potomky o mo\u017en\u00fdch hrozb\u00e1ch. T\u00edm, \u017ee sv\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory, jim matky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vyhnout se nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a nau\u010dit se identifikovat hrozby a reagovat na n\u011b v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed a povaha varovn\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na situaci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad matky, kter\u00e9 jsou bl\u00ed\u017ee k vn\u00edman\u00e9mu pred\u00e1torovi, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l s men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, aby na sebe a sv\u00e9 potomky neupozor\u0148ovaly. Matky s mlad\u0161\u00edmi ml\u00e1\u010faty vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed sign\u00e1ly sp\u00ed\u0161e, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se pred\u00e1tor vzd\u00e1lil, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se v\u00edce ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed o ochranu sv\u00fdch zraniteln\u00fdch ml\u00e1\u010fat.<\/p>\n\n
Schopnost orangutan\u016f \u201emluvit\u201c o minulosti je d\u016fkazem jejich inteligence a sofistikovan\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tato dovednost v kombinaci s dlouhodobou pam\u011bt\u00ed orangutan\u016f, z\u00e1m\u011brnou komunikac\u00ed a jemnou kontrolou hlasivek by mohla potenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00e9st k v\u00fdvoji \u0159e\u010di opic nebo n\u011bjak\u00e9 formy \u0159e\u010di podobn\u00e9 t\u00e9, kterou pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
Orangutani ji\u017e prok\u00e1zali sv\u00e9 pozoruhodn\u00e9 schopnosti vyr\u00e1b\u011bt n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 jsou lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e schopnosti mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Jejich schopnost u\u010dit se pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm a jejich sofistikovan\u00e9 vok\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed vysokou \u00farove\u0148 kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Schopnost orangutan\u016f po\u010dkat, ne\u017e zareaguj\u00ed na podn\u011bty, je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1. Tato dovednost, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako inhibice reakce, je charakteristick\u00fdm znakem kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du a je nezbytn\u00e1 pro komplexn\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edtomnost inhibice reakce u orangutan\u016f nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jejich vok\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed pouze reflex nebo podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 reakce na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, ale m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 a kontrolovan\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento objev m\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje \u0159e\u010di opic a p\u016fvod lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di.<\/p>\n\n
Orangutani jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdce nep\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapovat a udivovat svou inteligenc\u00ed a komunika\u010dn\u00edmi dovednostmi. Jejich schopnost \u201emluvit\u201c o minulosti, jejich sofistikovan\u00e9 varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly a jejich potenci\u00e1l pro v\u00fdvoj jazyka poukazuj\u00ed na \u00fazk\u00fd kognitivn\u00ed a evolu\u010dn\u00ed vztah mezi lidmi a na\u0161imi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi z \u0159\u00e1du prim\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Orangutani: Mluv\u00edc\u00ed opice Orangutani, na\u0161i nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed z \u0159\u00e1du prim\u00e1t\u016f, dlouhodob\u011b fascinuj\u00ed v\u011bdce svou inteligenc\u00ed a komplexn\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm. Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f komunikace orangutan\u016f je jejich schopnost \u201emluvit\u201c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23367,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[6487,5789,6486,1039,5790],"class_list":["post-3381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-displaced-referencing","tag-animal-communication","tag-non-human-primates","tag-orangutans","tag-evolution-of-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3381"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3382,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3381\/revisions\/3382"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}