{"id":3469,"date":"2020-03-02T16:20:41","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T16:20:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3469"},"modified":"2020-03-02T16:20:41","modified_gmt":"2020-03-02T16:20:41","slug":"dogs-can-tell-your-emotions-from-your-voice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-behavior\/dogs-can-tell-your-emotions-from-your-voice\/","title":{"rendered":"Psi poznaj\u00ed va\u0161e emoce z va\u0161eho hlasu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psi poznaj\u00ed va\u0161e emoce z va\u0161eho hlasu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurov\u011bda ps\u016f a vok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v oblasti neurov\u011bdy ps\u016f odhalil, \u017ee psi maj\u00ed specializovanou oblast mozku pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vokalizace, v\u010detn\u011b lidsk\u00fdch hlas\u016f. Tento objev nazna\u010duje, \u017ee psi dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy vok\u00e1ln\u00edch zvuk\u016f a rozpoznat emo\u010dn\u00ed podn\u011bty v \u0159e\u010di.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">fMRI studie ps\u00edch mozk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pomoc\u00ed technologie fMRI v\u011bdci pozorovali, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti ps\u00edho mozku vykazuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou aktivitu, kdy\u017e psi sly\u0161\u00ed vokalizaci, jako je lidsk\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d nebo \u0161t\u011bk\u00e1n\u00ed psa, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nevok\u00e1ln\u00edmi zvuky. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee psi maj\u00ed vyhrazen\u00fd neuronov\u00fd mechanismus pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Emo\u010dn\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u ps\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 oblasti ps\u00edho mozku reaguj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u011b na pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed vok\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00f3ny. Kdy\u017e psi sly\u0161\u00ed radostn\u00e9 zvuky, jako je sm\u00edch nebo \u0161t\u011bk\u00e1n\u00ed psa z radosti, vykazuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed aktivitu v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech sv\u00e9 sluchov\u00e9 k\u016fry ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u00edm, kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00ed smutn\u00e9 zvuky. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee psi dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat mezi emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed valenc\u00ed ve vokalizaci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolu\u010dn\u00ed adaptace pro vok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikaci<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee schopnost ps\u016f zpracov\u00e1vat lidsk\u00e9 hlasy a rozpoznat emo\u010dn\u00ed podn\u011bty se vyvinula ze spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka sd\u00edlen\u00e9ho lidmi a psy asi p\u0159ed 100 miliony let. Tato neuronov\u00e1 adaptace mohla sehr\u00e1t z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve v\u00fdvoji soci\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace a spolupr\u00e1ce mezi psy a lidmi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psi jsou nalad\u011bni na lidsk\u00e9 vok\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty<\/h2>\n\n<p>Psi byli selektivn\u011b chov\u00e1ni lidmi po generace, aby up\u0159ednost\u0148ovali p\u0159\u00e1telskost a spolupr\u00e1ci. V d\u016fsledku toho vyvinuli velkou schopnost interpretovat lidsk\u00e9 vok\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty. To zahrnuje rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch emoc\u00ed, porozum\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016fm a reagov\u00e1n\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty v na\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u010di.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lid\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 vybaveni ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ps\u00edch vokalizac\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 neuronov\u00fd mechanismus pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ps\u00edch vokalizac\u00ed. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee oba druhy se vyvinuly tak, aby spolu efektivn\u011b komunikovaly.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Korelace mezi vok\u00e1ln\u00ed emoc\u00ed a mozkovou aktivitou<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie fMRI odhalily korelaci mezi emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed intenzitou vok\u00e1ln\u00edch zvuk\u016f a \u00farovn\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 aktivity u ps\u016f. \u010c\u00edm pozitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vok\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00f3n, t\u00edm siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je odezva v oblastech mozku spojen\u00fdch se zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm emoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nau\u010den\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed vs. evolu\u010dn\u00ed adaptace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda emo\u010dn\u00ed citlivost, kterou psi v t\u011bchto studi\u00edch projevili, je nau\u010den\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo evolu\u010dn\u00ed adaptace. Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, aby se zjistilo, zda je tato schopnost v\u00fdsledkem domestikace nebo hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bnou vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro jazykov\u00e9 dovednosti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev sd\u00edlen\u00fdch mechanism\u016f pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed u ps\u016f a lid\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky o povaze jazykov\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed. V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed zkoumaj\u00ed mo\u017enost, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 aspekty jazyka nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak specifick\u00e9 pro \u010dlov\u011bka, jak se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, a mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomny i u jin\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Psi dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat mezi nesmysln\u00fdmi zvuky a vok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikac\u00ed, jako je lidsk\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d nebo \u0161t\u011bk\u00e1n\u00ed psa.<\/li>\n<li>Sluchov\u00e1 k\u016fra u ps\u016f je rozd\u011blena do r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 kategorie zvuk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b lidsk\u00fdch hlas\u016f, ps\u00edch vokalizac\u00ed a nevok\u00e1ln\u00edch zvuk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Schopnost ps\u016f rozpoznat emo\u010dn\u00ed podn\u011bty ve vokalizaci mohla sehr\u00e1t v\u00fdznamnou roli v jejich domestikaci a \u00fazk\u00e9m vztahu s lidmi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psi poznaj\u00ed va\u0161e emoce z va\u0161eho hlasu Neurov\u011bda ps\u016f a vok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v oblasti neurov\u011bdy ps\u016f odhalil, \u017ee psi maj\u00ed specializovanou oblast mozku pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vokalizace, v\u010detn\u011b lidsk\u00fdch&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[164,5789,1579,1743,3196,6628],"class_list":["post-3469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-emotions","tag-animal-communication","tag-neuroscience","tag-canine-cognition","tag-dogs","tag-vocal-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3469"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3470,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3469\/revisions\/3470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}