B\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontroloval v\u0161echny formy um\u011bn\u00ed a hudby. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed hudba, pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za “dekadentn\u00ed a zvr\u00e1cenou”, byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na. Ale to nezabr\u00e1nilo sov\u011btsk\u00fdm teenager\u016fm naj\u00edt zp\u016fsoby, jak poslouchat hudbu, kterou milovali.<\/p>\n\n
Styly byli subkulturou sov\u011btsk\u00fdch teenager\u016f, kter\u00e1 se objevila v 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Byli zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdm trendov\u00fdm oble\u010den\u00edm a l\u00e1skou k z\u00e1padn\u00ed hudb\u011b, zejm\u00e9na k jazzu a rock and rollu.<\/p>\n\n
Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee vinylov\u00e9 desky byly vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a drah\u00e9, styli na\u0161li d\u016fmysln\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak si vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed hudbu: pou\u017e\u00edvali star\u00e9 rentgenov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky. Vinylov\u00e9 desky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro rentgenov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky byly ten\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 desky, ale st\u00e1le se daly pou\u017e\u00edt. Pir\u00e1ti pou\u017e\u00edvali standardn\u00ed \u0159eza\u010dky voskov\u00fdch desek k duplikov\u00e1n\u00ed pa\u0161ovan\u00fdch desek na tyto rentgenov\u00e9 “kosti”.<\/p>\n\n
S rostouc\u00ed popularitou kostn\u00edch desek se v cel\u00e9m Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu objevily specializovan\u00e9 trhy zvan\u00e9 rentgenizdat (“Rentgenov\u00fd tisk”). Tyto trhy se staly centrem distribuce zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed hudby.<\/p>\n\n
I kdy\u017e kostn\u00ed desky byly levn\u00fdm a dostupn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak poslouchat hudbu, jejich kvalita byla daleko od ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Zvuk byl \u010dasto tlumen\u00fd a ka\u017ed\u00e1 deska mohla obsahovat pouze jednu stranu hudby. Otvory pro v\u0159eteno se nav\u00edc \u010dasto vyr\u00e1b\u011bly zatla\u010den\u00edm zap\u00e1len\u00e9 cigarety do st\u0159edu desky, co\u017e zanech\u00e1valo drsn\u00fd a nerovn\u00fd okraj.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory jejich hrub\u00e9 kvalit\u011b byly kostn\u00ed desky velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9. Byly mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e desky pa\u0161ovan\u00e9 a prod\u00e1van\u00e9 na \u010dern\u00e9m trhu. D\u00edky tomu byly dostupn\u00e9 \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu okruhu sov\u011btsk\u00fdch teenager\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Do konce 50. let se \u00fa\u0159ady dozv\u011bd\u011bly o obchodu s kostn\u00edmi deskami. V roce 1958 byly kostn\u00ed desky ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny a vl\u00e1da zakro\u010dila proti trh\u016fm s rentgenizdatem. Obchod pokra\u010doval v podzem\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik let, ale dostupnost c\u00edvkov\u00fdch magnetofon\u016f a zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed omezen\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed hudby u\u010dinily kostn\u00ed desky zastaral\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory jejich kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti se n\u011bkter\u00e9 kostn\u00ed desky dochovaly dodnes. Projekt X-Ray Audio je neziskov\u00e1 organizace, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bnuje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a sd\u00edlen\u00ed t\u011bchto jedine\u010dn\u00fdch artefakt\u016f. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek si poslucha\u010di mohou poslechnout zvuk hudby “na kosti” a dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o historii t\u00e9to fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed subkultury.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh kostn\u00edch desek je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm vynal\u00e9zavosti a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch teenager\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161li zp\u016fsob, jak vzdorovat z\u00e1kazu hudby. Tyto dom\u00e1c\u00ed desky poskytovaly nejen zp\u016fsob, jak poslouchat jejich obl\u00edbenou hudbu, ale tak\u00e9 se staly symbolem odporu a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny v dob\u011b politick\u00e9 represe.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bootleg nahr\u00e1vky na rentgenov\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch: Jak se sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed teenage\u0159i postavili na odpor hudebn\u00edmu z\u00e1kazu Hudebn\u00ed z\u00e1kaz v dob\u011b studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky B\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontroloval v\u0161echny formy um\u011bn\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25068,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[327],"tags":[6729,378,771,770,1761,1261],"class_list":["post-3544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-music","tag-bootleg-recordings","tag-music-history","tag-soviet-union","tag-cold-war","tag-diy","tag-x-rays"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3544"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25069,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3544\/revisions\/25069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}