{"id":3682,"date":"2019-01-18T00:01:13","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T00:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3682"},"modified":"2019-01-18T00:01:13","modified_gmt":"2019-01-18T00:01:13","slug":"alaska-history-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/history-and-culture\/alaska-history-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Alja\u0161ka: gobel\u00edn historie a d\u011bdictv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alja\u0161ka: gobel\u00edn historie a d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 a prvn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci<\/h2>\n\n

Bohat\u00e1 historie Alja\u0161ky za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jej\u00edmi domorod\u00fdmi obyvateli, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161li Beringovo pevninsk\u00e9 spojen\u00ed ze Sibi\u0159e asi p\u0159ed 20 000 lety. Tito ko\u010dovn\u00ed lovci a sb\u011bra\u010di po stalet\u00ed rozv\u00edjeli odli\u0161n\u00e9 kultury a tradice.<\/p>\n\n

V roce 1741 se d\u00e1nsk\u00fd pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk Vitus Bering setkal s Alja\u0161kou p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed cesty. Jeho expedice komunikovala s domorod\u00fdmi obyvateli Alja\u0161ky, v\u010detn\u011b Eskym\u00e1k\u016f, Indi\u00e1n\u016f a Aleut\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed sd\u00edleli sv\u00e9 loveck\u00e9 a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 praktiky.<\/p>\n\n

Rusk\u00fd vliv<\/h2>\n\n

Po Beringov\u011b p\u0159\u00edjezdu se na Alja\u0161ku hrnuli ru\u0161t\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci a obchodn\u00edci. V roce 1784 zalo\u017eil Grigorij \u0160elichov prvn\u00ed trval\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed na ostrov\u011b Kodiak, co\u017e znamenalo za\u010d\u00e1tek rusk\u00e9ho vlivu v regionu.<\/p>\n\n

Rusk\u00e1 pravoslavn\u00e1 c\u00edrkev se stala ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed kultury, s cibulovit\u00fdmi kopulemi zdob\u00edc\u00edmi kostely v Kodiaku, Juneu a dal\u0161\u00edch komunit\u00e1ch. Rusk\u00e9 zvyky a jazyk tak\u00e9 zanechaly trval\u00fd dopad na Alja\u0161ku.<\/p>\n\n

Zlat\u00e1 hore\u010dka<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1896 vyvolal objev zlata v regionu Klondike masivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edliv zlatokop\u016f na Alja\u0161ku. Odlehl\u00e1 chata ve Skagway se prom\u011bnila v bez\u00e1konn\u00e9 m\u011bsto pln\u00e9 stan\u016f a provizorn\u00edch budov.<\/p>\n\n

Zlatokopov\u00e9 se hrnuli na Alja\u0161ku ze Seattlu a dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a hledali \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed na zlat\u00fdch pol\u00edch. Skagway se stalo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm centrem pro horn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1zeli p\u0159es pr\u016fsmyk Chilkoot, aby se dostali do Klondiku.<\/p>\n\n

Dopad zlat\u00e9 hore\u010dky<\/h2>\n\n

Zlat\u00e1 hore\u010dka v Klondiku nep\u0159inesla Alja\u0161ce jen bohatstv\u00ed, ale utv\u00e1\u0159ela tak\u00e9 jej\u00ed komunity. Zlat\u00e1 hore\u010dka vedla ke vzniku m\u011bst jako Juneau, Fairbanks a Haines, kter\u00e1 dodnes prosperuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Zlat\u00e1 hore\u010dka p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 na Alja\u0161ce dodnes a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci si mohou vychutnat historick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky v hotelech a muze\u00edch Skagway. D\u011bdictv\u00ed zlat\u00e9 hore\u010dky je st\u00e1le patrn\u00e9 v krajin\u011b a kultu\u0159e Alja\u0161ky.<\/p>\n\n

Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam Alja\u0161ky stal z\u0159ejm\u00fdm. Japonci bombardovali Dutch Harbor a obsadili Aleutsk\u00e9 ostrovy. Celoro\u010dn\u00ed bitva na americk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b prov\u011b\u0159ila voj\u00e1ky jak v\u016f\u010di nep\u0159\u00edteli, tak i v\u016f\u010di drsn\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor \u017eenijn\u00edho vojska Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f postavil Alja\u0161skou d\u00e1lnici v rekordn\u00edm \u010dase a vytvo\u0159il tak pozemn\u00ed cestu pro vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby a vybaven\u00ed. Alja\u0161ka hr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed jako oblast shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed v severn\u00edm Pacifiku.<\/p>\n\n

St\u00e1tnost a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozvoj<\/h2>\n\n

Alja\u0161ka se stala 49. st\u00e1tem 3. ledna 1959, co\u017e znamenalo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v jej\u00ed historii. Obrovsk\u00e1 rozloha st\u00e1tu a jeho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje p\u0159itahovaly pozornost a objev ropy v z\u00e1toce Prudhoe v roce 1968 zm\u011bnil alja\u0161skou ekonomiku.<\/p>\n\n

Transalja\u0161sk\u00fd ropovod, postaven\u00fd v letech 1974 a\u017e 1977, p\u0159epravoval ropu z Prudhoe Bay do Valdez. Alja\u0161sk\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011blo k jej\u00ed prosperit\u011b a infrastruktu\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

Poklad zem\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Dnes je Alja\u0161ka zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou dechberouc\u00ed kr\u00e1sou a hojnost\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Od majest\u00e1tn\u00edch ledovc\u016f a ty\u010d\u00edc\u00edch se hor a\u017e po nedot\u010denou divo\u010dinu a rozmanit\u00fd divok\u00fd \u017eivot, Alja\u0161ka uchvacuje n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky sv\u00fdmi nedot\u010den\u00fdmi krajinami.<\/p>\n\n

Bohat\u00e1 historie Alja\u0161ky, rozmanit\u00e1 kultura a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed jedine\u010dnou a fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed destinaci. A\u0165 u\u017e prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1te vesnice p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f, obdivujete rusk\u00e9 pravoslavn\u00e9 kostely nebo hled\u00e1te zlato, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se mohou pono\u0159it do \u017eivouc\u00ed tapis\u00e9rie alja\u0161sk\u00e9 minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alja\u0161ka: gobel\u00edn historie a d\u011bdictv\u00ed P\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 a prvn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci Bohat\u00e1 historie Alja\u0161ky za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jej\u00edmi domorod\u00fdmi obyvateli, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161li Beringovo pevninsk\u00e9 spojen\u00ed ze Sibi\u0159e asi p\u0159ed 20 000 lety. Tito…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1176],"tags":[1355,4036,254,27,4618,6938,722,2104,6939,6940],"class_list":["post-3682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-and-culture","tag-alaska","tag-heritage","tag-wildlife","tag-history","tag-mountains","tag-native-american","tag-glaciers","tag-natural-wonders","tag-russian-orthodox","tag-gold-rush"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3683,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3682\/revisions\/3683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}