{"id":3705,"date":"2021-07-02T13:24:13","date_gmt":"2021-07-02T13:24:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3705"},"modified":"2021-07-02T13:24:13","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T13:24:13","slug":"history-of-beer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/food-and-drink\/history-of-beer\/","title":{"rendered":"Pivo: Historie, druhy a p\u0159\u00ednosy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie podle piva<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u016fvod piva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pivo je jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jeho historie sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku, d\u016fkazy o va\u0159en\u00ed piva byly nalezeny v Sumeru ji\u017e v 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159esn\u00fd p\u016fvod piva nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m, ale jednou z popul\u00e1rn\u00edch teori\u00ed je, \u017ee bylo vynalezeno n\u00e1hodou p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b chleba. Podle t\u00e9to teorie n\u011bkdo vyr\u00e1b\u011bl chl\u00e9b venku, kdy\u017e byla jeho pr\u00e1ce p\u0159eru\u0161ena bou\u0159kou. Utekl se do \u00fakrytu a zapomn\u011bl na t\u011bsto na den nebo dva, pak se vr\u00e1til a objevil v misce hustou, kvas\u00edc\u00ed tekutinu. Zkusil to, opil se a \u0159ekl: \u201eHej, tohle je dobr\u00e9.\u201c<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed piva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ze Sumeru se pivo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do Egypta a dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu. Jeho popularita d\u00e1le rostla a\u017e do arabsk\u00e9ho dobyt\u00ed regionu v 7. stolet\u00ed, kdy isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony zakazovaly pit\u00ed alkoholu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco popularita piva na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b upadala, v severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vala p\u016fdu pod nohama. Lid\u00e9 tam n\u011bjak p\u0159i\u0161li na to, jak pivo va\u0159it, a to nejm\u00e9n\u011b 800 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, na z\u00e1klad\u011b zbytk\u016f piva nalezen\u00fdch v keltsk\u00e9 amfo\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0158\u00edman\u00e9 byli prvn\u00ed, kdo vynalezli modern\u00ed proces va\u0159en\u00ed piva, v\u010detn\u011b sladov\u00e1n\u00ed a rmutov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento proces se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes k v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u011bt\u0161iny piv.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reinheitsgebot<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1516 vydal bavorsk\u00fd v\u00e9voda Vil\u00e9m IV. Reinheitsgebot neboli \u201ez\u00e1kon o \u010distot\u011b\u201c. Tento z\u00e1kon omezoval p\u0159\u00edsady piva na je\u010dmen, chmel a vodu. Reinheitsgebot je st\u00e1le v platnosti a je jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d je n\u011bmeck\u00e9 pivo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou vysokou kvalitou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy piva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f piva, ka\u017ed\u00fd s jedine\u010dnou chut\u00ed a v\u016fn\u00ed. Mezi nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druhy piva pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ales:<\/strong> Ales se va\u0159\u00ed s kvasinkami svrchn\u00edho kva\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kvas\u00ed p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch. Ales jsou obvykle chutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a aromati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e le\u017e\u00e1ky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le\u017e\u00e1ky:<\/strong> Le\u017e\u00e1ky se va\u0159\u00ed s kvasnicemi spodn\u00edho kva\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kvas\u00ed p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch. Le\u017e\u00e1ky jsou obvykle sv\u011b\u017eej\u0161\u00ed a osv\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed ne\u017e ales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stouty:<\/strong> Stoutov\u00e9 jsou tmav\u00e1 piva vyroben\u00e1 z pra\u017een\u00e9ho je\u010dmene. Stouty jsou obvykle pln\u00e9 a maj\u00ed bohatou, sladovou chu\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IPA:<\/strong> IPA jsou chmelen\u00e1 piva, kter\u00e1 jsou obvykle ho\u0159k\u00e1 a aromatick\u00e1. IPA jsou obl\u00edbenou volbou pro milovn\u00edky \u0159emesln\u00fdch piv.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e1 piva:<\/strong> P\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e1 piva se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ze p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9ho sladu, kter\u00fd jim dod\u00e1v\u00e1 lehkou a osv\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed chu\u0165. P\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e1 piva se \u010dasto pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed s pl\u00e1tkem citronu nebo pomeran\u010de.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody piva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pivo m\u00e1 \u0159adu zdravotn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika srde\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> Pivo obsahuje antioxidanty, kter\u00e9 mohou pomoci chr\u00e1nit srdce p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika mrtvice:<\/strong> Pivo m\u016f\u017ee pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit krevn\u00ed tlak a sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko vzniku krevn\u00edch sra\u017eenin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed:<\/strong> Pivo m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zlep\u0161it pam\u011b\u0165 a sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko demence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kosti:<\/strong> Pivo obsahuje k\u0159em\u00edk, kter\u00fd je nezbytn\u00fd pro zdrav\u00ed kost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kultura piva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pivo je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen n\u00e1poj, je to tak\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed fenom\u00e9n. Pivo je \u010dasto spojov\u00e1no s dobr\u00fdmi \u010dasy a spole\u010densk\u00fdmi setk\u00e1n\u00edmi. Je tak\u00e9 obl\u00edbenou p\u0159\u00edsadou v mnoha pokrmech, jako je pivn\u00ed chl\u00e9b a pol\u00e9vka z pivn\u00edho s\u00fdra.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekonomick\u00fd dopad piva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pivn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl je v\u00fdznamnou ekonomickou silou. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech pivn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy p\u0159es 250 miliard dolar\u016f a zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 miliony lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdybyste mohli napl\u00e1novat cestu na svou vlastn\u00ed \u201ePivn\u00ed planetu\u201c, ke kter\u00fdm zem\u00edm by v\u00e1s t\u00e1hly va\u0161e chu\u0165ov\u00e9 poh\u00e1rky?<\/h2>\n\n<p>S tolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pivy na v\u00fdb\u011br m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 rozhodnout se, kde za\u010d\u00edt. Pokud hled\u00e1te skute\u010dn\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00fd pivn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek, zva\u017ete n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu jedn\u00e9 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Belgie:<\/strong> Belgie je domovem \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly piv, v\u010detn\u011b trapistick\u00fdch piv, lambic\u016f a ovocn\u00fdch piv.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u011bmecko:<\/strong> N\u011bmecko je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi pivy Reinheitsgebot, kter\u00e1 jsou va\u0159ena podle p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f o \u010distot\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie:<\/strong> Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie je rodi\u0161t\u011bm mnoha popul\u00e1rn\u00edch pivn\u00edch styl\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b pale ale, stout\u016f a IPA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty:<\/strong> Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm producentem \u0159emesln\u00fdch piv s pivovary v ka\u017ed\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Bez ohledu na to, kam se rozhodnete j\u00edt, ur\u010dit\u011b najdete pivo, kter\u00e9 si zamilujete. Tak zvedn\u011bte sklenici a u\u017e\u00edvejte si!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historie podle piva P\u016fvod piva Pivo je jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jeho historie sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku, d\u016fkazy o va\u0159en\u00ed piva byly nalezeny v Sumeru&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[6961,27,63,2471,6960],"class_list":["post-3705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-drink","tag-alcohol","tag-history","tag-culture","tag-beer","tag-brewing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3705"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3706,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3705\/revisions\/3706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}