V roce 1863 zavedly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed vojensk\u00fd odvod, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Z\u00e1kon o vojensk\u00e9m odvodu za ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Tato p\u0159elomov\u00e1 legislativa vy\u017eadovala, aby se v\u0161ichni mu\u017ei ve v\u011bku 20 a\u017e 45 let zaregistrovali k odvodu, bez ohledu na sv\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed. A\u010dkoli byl odvod zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159ijat s pochopen\u00edm, brzy vyvolal rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 nepokoje, zejm\u00e9na mezi b\u00edl\u00fdmi newyorsk\u00fdmi d\u011bln\u00edky irsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n\n
S bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se loteri\u00ed odvodu zve\u0159ejnily noviny a politici podporuj\u00edc\u00ed otroctv\u00ed podn\u011bcuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 \u017eivilo strach a rasismus v d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b b\u00edl\u00fdch. Tyto \u010dl\u00e1nky l\u00ed\u010dily odvod jako hrozbu pro jejich ob\u017eivu, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vali, \u017ee po v\u00e1lce p\u0159ijdou o pr\u00e1ci ve prosp\u011bch nov\u011b osvobozen\u00fdch \u010dernoch\u016f. Ekonomick\u00e9 obavy a rasov\u00e9 p\u0159edsudky vytvo\u0159ily nestabiln\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru, kter\u00e1 polo\u017eila z\u00e1klad pro nepokoje.<\/p>\n\n
Dne 11. \u010dervence 1863 se konalo prvn\u00ed losov\u00e1n\u00ed odvodu. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011bsto z\u016fstalo klidn\u00e9. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den v\u0161ak dav ozbrojen\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f zap\u00e1lil budovy, v\u010detn\u011b sirot\u010dince Colored Orphan Asylum, kter\u00fd ubytoval p\u0159es 230 d\u011bt\u00ed. K davu se p\u0159ipojili dobrovoln\u00ed hasi\u010di a nepokoje se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dty\u0159ech dnech stup\u0148ovaly a zam\u011b\u0159ovaly se na \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti a podniky podporuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdtr\u017enosti branc\u016f za ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky m\u011bly za n\u00e1sledek rozs\u00e1hlou devastaci a ztr\u00e1tu na \u017eivotech. Davy pusto\u0161ily m\u011bsto, ni\u010dily budovy a napadaly \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 obyvatele. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det mrtv\u00fdch dos\u00e1hl 119, ale skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det mohl b\u00fdt mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Nepokoje odhalily hlubok\u00e9 rozpory v americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a k\u0159ehkost Unie b\u011bhem ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 z\u00e1minky odvodu byly nepokoje poh\u00e1n\u011bny tak\u00e9 ekonomickou nejistotou a strachem z v\u00fdsledku v\u00e1lky. Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o emancipaci, vydan\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve t\u00e9ho\u017e roku, vyvolalo mezi b\u00edl\u00fdmi d\u011bln\u00edky v New Yorku obavy, \u017ee svobodn\u00ed \u010derno\u0161i budou po v\u00e1lce konkurovat o pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta. Tyto ekonomick\u00e9 obavy vyu\u017eili politici a novin\u00e1\u0159i podporuj\u00edc\u00ed otroctv\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvali podn\u011bcuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e9toriku k rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed rasov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdtr\u017enosti branc\u016f za ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed temnou kapitolou v historii New Yorku. P\u0159es sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pomn\u00edky ani pam\u00e1tn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 by tuto ud\u00e1lost p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly. Tento nedostatek uzn\u00e1n\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje trvaj\u00edc\u00ed boj za vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se se slo\u017eitostmi americk\u00e9 historie, v\u010detn\u011b role rasismu a ekonomick\u00e9 nerovnosti v utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00fdtr\u017enosti branc\u016f za americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky: N\u00e1siln\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed v New York City Brann\u00e1 povinnost a jej\u00ed dopad V roce 1863 zavedly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed vojensk\u00fd odvod, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Z\u00e1kon…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1001,27,6995,886,902,1625],"class_list":["post-3721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-civil-war","tag-history","tag-draft-riots","tag-new-york-city","tag-racism","tag-class-warfare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3721"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3722,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3721\/revisions\/3722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}