{"id":3729,"date":"2021-02-26T07:23:36","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T07:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3729"},"modified":"2021-02-26T07:23:36","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T07:23:36","slug":"mothers-of-gynecology-honoring-the-enslaved-women-exploited-in-medical-experiments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/medical-history\/mothers-of-gynecology-honoring-the-enslaved-women-exploited-in-medical-experiments\/","title":{"rendered":"Matky gynekologie: Vzpom\u00ednka na zotro\u010den\u00e9 \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 byly zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve jm\u00e9nu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho pokroku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Matky gynekologie: Vzpom\u00ednka na zotro\u010den\u00e9 \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 byly zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve jm\u00e9nu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho pokroku<\/h2>\n\n

Zapomenut\u00e9 ob\u011bti l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho rasismu<\/h2>\n\n

V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161ela skupina zotro\u010den\u00fdch \u017een zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako \u201eMatky gynekologie\u201c nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed v rukou Dr. J. Mariona Simse, b\u00edl\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kter\u00fd na nich bez jejich souhlasu prov\u00e1d\u011bl pokusy. Tyto \u017eeny, v\u010detn\u011b Anar chy, Betsey a Lucy, byly vystaveny bolestiv\u00fdm a poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm chirurgick\u00fdm z\u00e1krok\u016fm bez anestezie nebo \u00falevy od bolesti.<\/p>\n\n

Simsovy krut\u00e9 experimenty<\/h2>\n\n

Sims v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee \u010derno\u0161i snesou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru bolesti, co\u017e je rasistick\u00fd m\u00fdtus, kter\u00fd p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes. Opakovan\u011b tyto \u017eeny operoval, \u010dasto opakoval tyt\u00e9\u017e z\u00e1kroky znovu a znovu ve snaze zdokonalit sv\u00e9 chirurgick\u00e9 techniky. Pouze Anarcha podstoupila nejm\u00e9n\u011b 30 Simsov\u00fdch operac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Historie zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Sims nebyl jedin\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edval zotro\u010den\u00e9 \u017eeny pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. V 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed bylo mnoho zotro\u010den\u00fdch \u017een podrobeno nucen\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm a experiment\u016fm, \u010dasto bez jejich v\u011bdom\u00ed nebo souhlasu. Tyto experimenty p\u0159isp\u011bly k rozvoji l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch znalost\u00ed, ale m\u011bly vysokou cenu pro \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 jim byly vystaveny.<\/p>\n\n

Rasov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ve zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di<\/h2>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho rasismu ovliv\u0148uje zdrav\u00ed \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch \u017een dodnes. \u010cerno\u0161sk\u00e9 matky \u010dast\u011bji \u010del\u00ed komplikac\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s t\u011bhotenstv\u00edm, nemaj\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a rod\u00ed v nemocnic\u00edch s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvalitou p\u00e9\u010de o matky. Tyto rozd\u00edly maj\u00ed ko\u0159eny v historii otroctv\u00ed a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho rasismu, kter\u00fd formoval l\u00e9ka\u0159skou profesi.<\/p>\n\n

Vzpom\u00ednka na Matky gynekologie<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 2019 byl v Montgomery ve st\u00e1t\u011b Alabama odhalen pomn\u00edk na po\u010dest Matek gynekologie. Pomn\u00edk, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159ila um\u011blkyn\u011b Michelle Browderov\u00e1, zobrazuje t\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u017eivotn\u00ed sochy Anar chy, Betsey a Lucy. Socha obsahuje smysluplnou symboliku, jako je pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 d\u011bloha a ostr\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila bolest a utrpen\u00ed \u017een.<\/p>\n\n

Boj proti syst\u00e9mov\u00e9mu rasismu v gynekologii<\/h2>\n\n

V posledn\u00edch letech roste hnut\u00ed za uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed role rasismu v gynekologii. V roce 2020 vydala koalice profesn\u00edch skupin, v\u010detn\u011b Americk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly porodn\u00edk\u016f a gynekolog\u016f, spole\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e uznala sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k syst\u00e9mov\u00e9mu rasismu a uznala Matky gynekologie.<\/p>\n\n

S\u00edla um\u011bn\u00ed a aktivismu<\/h2>\n\n

Pomn\u00edk Michelle Browderov\u00e9 a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed aktivismus kolem historie l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho rasismu jsou siln\u00fdmi p\u0159ipom\u00ednkami d\u016fle\u017eitosti pravdy a usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 historii a vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na skryt\u00e9 ob\u011bti zotro\u010den\u00fdch \u017een. Odhalen\u00edm t\u011bchto nespravedlnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme usilovat o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho syst\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de pro v\u0161echny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Matky gynekologie: Vzpom\u00ednka na zotro\u010den\u00e9 \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 byly zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve jm\u00e9nu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho pokroku Zapomenut\u00e9 ob\u011bti l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho rasismu V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161ela skupina zotro\u010den\u00fdch \u017een zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako \u201eMatky gynekologie\u201c nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7010],"tags":[1434,7008,7007,3034,7009],"class_list":["post-3729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medical-history","tag-black-history","tag-medical-racism","tag-mothers-of-gynecology","tag-art-and-activism","tag-womens-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3729"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3730,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729\/revisions\/3730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}