V roce 1843 p\u0159edstavili holand\u0161t\u00ed obchodn\u00edci fotografii v Japonsku, zemi, kter\u00e1 byla do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry uzav\u0159ena vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu sv\u011btu. Tehdy byla fotografie relativn\u011b nov\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lezem a Japonci byli fascinov\u00e1ni jej\u00ed schopnost\u00ed zachytit obrazy lid\u00ed a m\u00edst.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edchod fotografie do Japonska se shodoval s obdob\u00edm velk\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. V roce 1868 se k moci dostal c\u00edsa\u0159 Meid\u017ei a zah\u00e1jil \u0159adu reforem, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bnily Japonsko v modern\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd n\u00e1rod. Fotografie hr\u00e1la v t\u00e9to transformaci v\u00fdznamnou roli, proto\u017ee se stala symbolem modernity a pokroku.<\/p>\n\n
Mnoho fotografi\u00ed po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch v tomto obdob\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavovalo \u201eexotickou\u201c verzi Japonska, plnou obr\u00e1zk\u016f gej\u0161\u00edch, samuraj\u016f a kv\u011bt\u016f sakury. Tyto sn\u00edmky byly ur\u010deny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm turist\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed dychtiv\u011b nakupovali suven\u00fdry romantizuj\u00edc\u00ed feud\u00e1ln\u00ed minulost Japonska.<\/p>\n\n
Tato popt\u00e1vka po exotick\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch vytvo\u0159ila v Japonsku 19. stolet\u00ed \u201edu\u00e1ln\u00ed trh\u201c s fotografiemi. Jeden trh byl ur\u010den zahrani\u010dn\u00edm turist\u016fm, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd zobrazoval skute\u010dn\u00e9, modernizovan\u00e9 Japonsko. Japon\u0161t\u00ed fotografov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed si zalo\u017eili vlastn\u00ed ateli\u00e9ry, se zam\u011b\u0159ovali na sc\u00e9ny modernizace, zat\u00edmco evrop\u0161t\u00ed fotografov\u00e9 v bl\u00edzkosti obl\u00edben\u00fdch hotel\u016f se starali o turisty se sv\u00fdmi inscenovan\u00fdmi a p\u00f3zovan\u00fdmi sc\u00e9nami tradi\u010dn\u00edho japonsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
Popularita exotick\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed mezi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi turisty odhaluje nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi modernizac\u00ed a tradiionalismem v japonsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Zat\u00edmco se Japonsko rychle industrializovalo, existovala tak\u00e9 touha zachovat tradi\u010dn\u00ed kulturu a d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b. Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v du\u00e1ln\u00edm trhu s fotografiemi, kter\u00fd vyhovoval jak touze po modernit\u011b, tak nostalgii po minulosti.<\/p>\n\n
Produkce exotick\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed turisty byla lukrativn\u00edm podnikem. Mnoho z t\u011bchto sn\u00edmk\u016f bylo vyr\u00e1b\u011bno hromadn\u011b a prod\u00e1v\u00e1no jako suven\u00fdry. Komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch t\u011bchto fotografi\u00ed dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 s\u00edlu fotografie formovat vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159et popt\u00e1vku po ur\u010dit\u00fdch typech sn\u00edmk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco fotografie mohou b\u00fdt mocn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro dokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy, mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eity ke klamu. Inscenovan\u00e9 a p\u00f3zovan\u00e9 fotografie Japonska v 19. stolet\u00ed p\u0159edstavovaly romantizovanou a idealizovanou verzi zem\u011b. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit potenci\u00e1l fotografi\u00ed b\u00fdt manipulov\u00e1ny a kriticky hodnotit sn\u00edmky, kter\u00e9 vid\u00edme.<\/p>\n\n
Fotografie hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed cestovn\u00edho ruchu v Japonsku v 19. stolet\u00ed. Exotick\u00e9 sn\u00edmky gej\u0161, samuraj\u016f a kv\u011bt\u016f sakury pomohly vytvo\u0159it romantizovan\u00fd a l\u00e1kav\u00fd obraz zem\u011b, kter\u00fd p\u0159itahoval zahrani\u010dn\u00ed turisty. Tato popt\u00e1vka po exotick\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitc\u00edch ovliv\u0148uje cestovn\u00ed ruch v Japonsku dodnes.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh fotografie v Japonsku 19. stolet\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed cenn\u00e9 ponau\u010den\u00ed pro dne\u0161ek. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 n\u00e1m, \u017ee fotografie mohou b\u00fdt mocn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed popt\u00e1vky po ur\u010dit\u00fdch typech sn\u00edmk\u016f. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznam kritick\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vid\u00edme, a uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si potenci\u00e1lu fotografi\u00ed b\u00fdt manipulov\u00e1ny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fotografie v Japonsku 19. stolet\u00ed: Tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed cestovn\u00edho ruchu a exotizace zem\u011b \u00davod fotografie do Japonska V roce 1843 p\u0159edstavili holand\u0161t\u00ed obchodn\u00edci fotografii v Japonsku, zemi, kter\u00e1 byla do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[7034,6492,6,7035,655,7038,7036,7037,305],"class_list":["post-3751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photography","tag-19th-century-japan","tag-exoticism","tag-photography","tag-geisha","tag-modernization","tag-meiji-restoration","tag-samurai","tag-cherry-blossoms","tag-tourism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3751"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3752,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3751\/revisions\/3752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}