{"id":3853,"date":"2020-04-04T00:35:35","date_gmt":"2020-04-04T00:35:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3853"},"modified":"2020-04-04T00:35:35","modified_gmt":"2020-04-04T00:35:35","slug":"recreating-ancient-cuisine-insights-from-millennia-old-cookware","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/recreating-ancient-cuisine-insights-from-millennia-old-cookware\/","title":{"rendered":"Znovuo\u017eiven\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b: poznatky z tis\u00edcilet\u00ed star\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Znovuo\u017eiven\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b: poznatky z tis\u00edcilet\u00ed star\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prav\u011bk\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 praktiky<\/h3>\n\n<p>Po stalet\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 l\u00e1mali hlavy nad zuhelnat\u011bl\u00fdmi zbytky j\u00eddel a usazeninami nalezen\u00fdmi v keramick\u00e9m kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9m n\u00e1dob\u00ed objeven\u00e9m na archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Scientific Reports vrh\u00e1 nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na to, jak tyto n\u00e1lezy interpretovat, a poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologie<\/h3>\n\n<p>Aby v\u011bdci l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli \u00faloze neglazovan\u00e9ho hlin\u011bn\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed v prav\u011bk\u00e9 kuchyni, provedli ro\u010dn\u00ed experiment, kter\u00fd co nejv\u011brn\u011bji napodoboval ran\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 praktiky. P\u0159ipravovali pokrmy z celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin, jako je p\u0161enice a kuku\u0159ice, v neglazovan\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch hlin\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch, podobn\u00fdch t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 byly nalezeny na archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Kolumbii.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zbytky potravin a anal\u00fdza<\/h3>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci analyzovali t\u0159i typy zbytk\u016f potravin, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sp\u00e1len\u00e9 j\u00eddlo:<\/strong> chemick\u00e9 stopy posledn\u00edch j\u00eddel, kter\u00e1 se v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch va\u0159ila.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patina:<\/strong> tenk\u00e9 vrstvy chemick\u00fdch zbytk\u016f na povrchu n\u00e1dob, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed sm\u011bs z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch va\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lipidov\u00e9 zbytky:<\/strong> tuky a oleje, kter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu prosakuj\u00ed do neglazovan\u00e9 hl\u00edny a odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed ranou historii n\u00e1doby.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Poznatky z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek<\/h3>\n\n<p>Tyto t\u0159i typy zbytk\u016f poskytly poznatky o r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 historie:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sp\u00e1len\u00e9 j\u00eddlo:<\/strong> nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00eddla va\u0159en\u00e1 v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patina:<\/strong> nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00eddla, ale tak\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi ud\u00e1lostmi va\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lipidov\u00e9 zbytky:<\/strong> nejstar\u0161\u00ed j\u00eddla va\u0159en\u00e1 v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee se \u010dasem pomalu hromad\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza lipidov\u00fdch zbytk\u016f<\/h3>\n\n<p>Lipidov\u00e9 zbytky jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b cenn\u00e9 pro rekonstrukci j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku prav\u011bk\u00fdch komunit. Anal\u00fdzou izotopick\u00fdch a chemick\u00fdch hodnot t\u011bchto zbytk\u016f mohou v\u011bdci ur\u010dit, jak\u00e9 druhy rostlin a zv\u00ed\u0159at byly konzumov\u00e1ny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edchoz\u00ed studie lipidov\u00fdch zbytk\u016f v prav\u011bk\u00e9 keramice ze Sibi\u0159e uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee jedna komunita jedla suchozemsk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e1 d\u00e1vala p\u0159ednost ryb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky pro pochopen\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich n\u00e1lezy n\u00e1m mohou pomoci l\u00e9pe rekonstruovat pokrmy a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ingredience, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 v minulosti konzumovali. Tyto informace n\u00e1m zase mohou pomoci pochopit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, politick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy v prav\u011bk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy a omezen\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Znovuvytvo\u0159en\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b bez pou\u017eit\u00ed modern\u00edch ingredienc\u00ed nebo technik p\u0159edstavuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. V\u011bdci museli pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit kulturn\u00ed kontext potravin, kter\u00e9 si vybrali, a chemick\u00e9 reakce, kter\u00e9 by nastaly b\u011bhem va\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budouc\u00ed sm\u011bry v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n\n<p>Tato studie otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 cesty pro v\u00fdzkum v experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologii a anal\u00fdze organick\u00fdch zbytk\u016f na archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch. Budouc\u00ed studie by mohly zkoumat pou\u017eit\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed, zp\u016fsob\u016f va\u0159en\u00ed a ingredienc\u00ed, aby z\u00edskaly komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00fdch kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch praktik.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kombinov\u00e1n\u00edm experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologie s chemickou anal\u00fdzou v\u011bdci odhaluj\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b a poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o \u017eivot\u011b a strav\u011b na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Znovuo\u017eiven\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b: poznatky z tis\u00edcilet\u00ed star\u00e9ho kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed Prav\u011bk\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 praktiky Po stalet\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 l\u00e1mali hlavy nad zuhelnat\u011bl\u00fdmi zbytky j\u00eddel a usazeninami nalezen\u00fdmi v keramick\u00e9m kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9m n\u00e1dob\u00ed objeven\u00e9m na&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[7193,7190,347,7191,7192,7189],"class_list":["post-3853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-pottery-analysis","tag-experimental-archaeology","tag-food-history","tag-lipid-residues","tag-organic-remains","tag-ancient-cuisine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3853"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3854,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3853\/revisions\/3854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}