{"id":3859,"date":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3859"},"modified":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","slug":"james-otis-jr-the-patriot-who-never-became-a-founding-father","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/james-otis-jr-the-patriot-who-never-became-a-founding-father\/","title":{"rendered":"James Otis Jr.: Patriot, kter\u00fd z\u016fstal ve st\u00ednu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">James Otis Jr.: Patriot, kter\u00fd se nikdy nestal jedn\u00edm ze zakladatel\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a kari\u00e9ra<\/h2>\n\n<p>James Otis Jr. se narodil v roce 1725 ve West Barnstable v Massachusetts. Vstoupil na Harvard ve v\u011bku 14 let a rychle si vybudoval pov\u011bst v\u00fd\u0159e\u010dn\u00e9ho obh\u00e1jce. Otis \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b obhajoval obvin\u011bn\u00e9 pir\u00e1ty v Halifaxu v Nov\u00e9m Skotsku a mlad\u00e9 mu\u017ee v Plymouthu, kte\u0159\u00ed byli obvin\u011bni z nepokoj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Soudn\u00ed proces o p\u0159\u00edkazech k asistenci<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1761 se Otis stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm v soudn\u00edm procesu o p\u0159\u00edkazech k asistenci. Tyto p\u0159\u00edkazy umo\u017e\u0148ovaly britsk\u00fdm celn\u00edk\u016fm prohledat jak\u00e9koli m\u00edsto, kdykoli, a hledat d\u016fkazy o pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Otis se proti t\u011bmto p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016fm ohradil a nazval je \u201enejhor\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem sv\u00e9voln\u00e9 moci\u201c. Jeho p\u011btihodinov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d strhla div\u00e1ky a je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd okam\u017eik v americk\u00e9 revoluci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u016fdce vlastenc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po soudn\u00edm procesu o p\u0159\u00edkazech k asistenci se Otis stal p\u0159edn\u00edm hlasem americk\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f. Byl zvolen do Sn\u011bmovny reprezentant\u016f Massachusetts, kde zpochyb\u0148oval britsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a dan\u011b. Otis vymyslel fr\u00e1zi \u201ezda\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed bez zastoupen\u00ed je tyranie\u201c a napsal vlivn\u00fd pamflet \u201ePr\u00e1va britsk\u00fdch koloni\u00ed, po\u017eadovan\u00e1 a prok\u00e1zan\u00e1\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Opozice v\u016f\u010di britsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1d\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Otis sehr\u00e1l v\u00fdznamnou roli v opozici v\u016f\u010di z\u00e1konu o kolc\u00edch a Townshendsk\u00fdm akt\u016fm. Byl spoluautorem protestn\u00edho dopisu Sn\u011bmovny Massachusetts parlamentu, v n\u011bm\u017e argumentoval, \u017ee nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo zda\u0148ovat kolonie. Kdy\u017e kr\u00e1l Ji\u0159\u00ed III. po\u017eadoval, aby Sn\u011bmovna dopis odvolala, Otis odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eA\u0165 Brit\u00e1nie odvol\u00e1 sv\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, nebo jsou kolonie ztraceny nav\u017edy.\u201c<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dapadek a d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Otisova ohniv\u00e1 osobnost a otev\u0159en\u00e1 vzdorovitost si vybraly svou da\u0148 na jeho du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00ed. V roce 1769 se zapletl do n\u00e1siln\u00e9 poty\u010dky s britsk\u00fdm celn\u00edm komisa\u0159em, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e utrp\u011bl t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zran\u011bn\u00ed hlavy. Trauma zhor\u0161ilo jeho du\u0161evn\u00ed nestabilitu a za\u010dal trp\u011bt z\u00e1chvaty \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee du\u0161evn\u011b upadal, Otis\u016fv vliv p\u0159etrv\u00e1val. Jeho sestra Mercy p\u0159evzala jeho politick\u00fd odkaz a organizovala protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho bratr Samuel Allyne Otis p\u016fsobil jako prvn\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Sen\u00e1tu USA.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Smrt a pam\u00e1tka<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1783 byl Otis zabit bleskem. Navzdory sv\u00e9 tragick\u00e9 smrti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho odkaz patriota a \u0159e\u010dn\u00edka. John Adams napsal, \u017ee Otis \u201ezanechal povahu, kter\u00e1 nikdy nezem\u0159e, pokud bude \u017e\u00edt pam\u011b\u0165 na americkou revoluci\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova s dlouh\u00fdm koncem:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>James Otis Jr. a americk\u00e1 revoluce<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdznam soudn\u00edho procesu o p\u0159\u00edkazech k asistenci<\/li>\n<li>Otis\u016fv spis a jejich vliv na kolonisty<\/li>\n<li>D\u016fvody Otisova poklesu popularity<\/li>\n<li>D\u016fsledky revoluce na Otise a jeho rodinu<\/li>\n<li>Dlouhodob\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed Jamese Otise ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>James Otis Jr.: Patriot, kter\u00fd se nikdy nestal jedn\u00edm ze zakladatel\u016f Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a kari\u00e9ra James Otis Jr. se narodil v roce 1725 ve West Barnstable v Massachusetts. Vstoupil na&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[885,21,27,7203,7205,7204],"class_list":["post-3859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-american-revolution","tag-mental-illness","tag-history","tag-james-otis-jr","tag-orator","tag-patriot"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3859"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3860,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859\/revisions\/3860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}