V\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee se ran\u00ed lid\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili se sv\u00fdmi d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi bratranci neandert\u00e1lci a denisovanci. Toto k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zanechalo genetick\u00e9 stopy v populac\u00edch modern\u00edch lid\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na ve skupin\u00e1ch mimo Afriku. P\u0159esn\u00e9 na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u00edsto t\u011bchto k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1valo z\u00e1hadou.<\/p>\n\n
Pr\u016flomov\u00e1 nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Science za\u010dala tuto \u010dasovou osu odhalovat. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci analyzovali DNA 1523 modern\u00edch lid\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch etnick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. S pomoc\u00ed nov\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 metody ur\u010dili p\u016fvod starov\u011bk\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed DNA, zda poch\u00e1zely od neandert\u00e1lc\u016f nebo denisovan\u016f a zda byly v\u00fdsledkem jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch nebo opakovan\u00fdch k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Studie odhalila \u010detn\u00e1 obdob\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi lidmi a jejich evolu\u010dn\u00edmi bratranci v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 60 000 let. Tyto k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1losti se odehr\u00e1valy na r\u016fzn\u00fdch kontinentech, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee to nebyly izolovan\u00e9 incidenty, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd jev.<\/p>\n\n
Studie zjistila, \u017ee Melan\u00e9san\u00e9, lid\u00e9 ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed Papuu Novou Guineu a okoln\u00ed ostrovy, maj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladiny denisovansk\u00e9 DNA mezi populacemi modern\u00edch lid\u00ed. Tato DNA pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010detn\u00fdch k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1ly v Asii.<\/p>\n\n
Evropan\u00e9, obyvatel\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed Asie a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 neandert\u00e1lskou DNA, co\u017e nazna\u010duje k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1losti na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asiat\u00e9 maj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, ke kter\u00e9mu do\u0161lo pot\u00e9, co se odli\u0161ili od Evropan\u016f a obyvatel ji\u017en\u00ed Asie.<\/p>\n\n
K\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi lidmi a jejich evolu\u010dn\u00edmi bratranci mohlo p\u0159in\u00e9st genetick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 pomohly jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a adaptaci. Jak lid\u00e9 migrovali do nov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed, setk\u00e1vali se s nov\u00fdmi podneb\u00edmi, zdroji potravy a nemocemi. K\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s neandert\u00e1lci a denisovanci jim mohlo poskytnout genetick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci identifikovali 21 segment\u016f starov\u011bk\u00e9 DNA v modern\u00edch lidech, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed geny pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00ed se na rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vir\u016f, regulaci krevn\u00edho cukru a odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tuku. Tyto geny mohly pomoci na\u0161im p\u0159edk\u016fm p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se nov\u00fdm patogen\u016fm a podm\u00ednk\u00e1m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to studie maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi druhy hominin\u016f nebylo vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm jevem. Toto k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hr\u00e1lo roli p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti modern\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed a mohlo p\u0159isp\u011bt k na\u0161\u00ed schopnosti p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se a prosperovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Studium starov\u011bk\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed oblast v\u00fdzkumu. V\u011bdci nad\u00e1le analyzuj\u00ed genetick\u00e1 data z modern\u00edch a starov\u011bk\u00fdch populac\u00ed, aby odhalili dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti o t\u011bchto k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lostech. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee afri\u010dt\u00ed pygmejov\u00e9 maj\u00ed DNA od nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho p\u0159edka, kter\u00fd se k\u0159\u00ed\u017eil s lidmi v posledn\u00edch 30 000 letech.<\/p>\n\n
Jak genetick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum pokra\u010duje, m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee se dozv\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce o komplexn\u00ed a propojen\u00e9 historii lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Tyto objevy vrhnou sv\u011btlo na p\u016fvod na\u0161eho druhu a genetick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 s sebou neseme od na\u0161ich d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Prav\u011bk\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lid\u00ed: odhalen\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed minulosti Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhaluje \u010detn\u00e1 obdob\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed V\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee se ran\u00ed lid\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili se sv\u00fdmi d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi bratranci neandert\u00e1lci a denisovanci. Toto…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[1020,1021,188,1018,487,1019,1017],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-denisovans","tag-evolutionary-history","tag-genetics","tag-interbreeding","tag-human-evolution","tag-neanderthals","tag-ancient-dna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":394,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions\/394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}