V roce 2015 se archeologov\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky v Mexico City n\u00e1hodou setkali s makabr\u00f3zn\u00edm objevem: \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee postaven\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z lidsk\u00fdch lebek. Tato stavba, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Huey Tzompantli, je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jednu ze sedmi takov\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kdysi st\u00e1ly v azt\u00e9ck\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Tenochtitl\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n
Huey Tzompantli byla poprv\u00e9 objevena pobl\u00ed\u017e z\u0159\u00edceniny Templo Mayor, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho centra zasv\u011bcen\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu bohu Huitzilopochtlimu a bohu de\u0161t\u011b Tlalocovi. V\u011b\u017e m\u00e1 v\u00e1lcovit\u00fd tvar a m\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 16,4 stopy v pr\u016fm\u011bru. Byla postavena ve t\u0159ech f\u00e1z\u00edch, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v dob\u011b vl\u00e1dy Tlatoaniho Ahu\u00edzotla, mezi lety 1486 a 1502.<\/p>\n\n
Lebky v Huey Tzompantli pat\u0159ily lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed byli ob\u011btov\u00e1ni za vl\u00e1dy Ahu\u00edzotla, osm\u00e9ho azt\u00e9ck\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le. Archeologov\u00e9 se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku domn\u00edvali, \u017ee lebky pat\u0159ily pouze pora\u017een\u00fdm mu\u017esk\u00fdm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm, ale ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 pat\u0159ily tak\u00e9 \u017een\u00e1m a d\u011btem.<\/p>\n\n
Ob\u011bti byly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zajatci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli ur\u010deni k ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed. Archeologov\u00e9 identifikovali ostatky nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011b\u017ei na z\u00e1klad\u011b velikosti a v\u00fdvoje jejich zub\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Pro Azt\u00e9ky byly ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011bti prost\u0159edkem k udr\u017een\u00ed boh\u016f na\u017eivu a zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed zni\u010den\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Huey Tzompantli byla fyzick\u00fdm projevem t\u00e9to v\u00edry.<\/p>\n\n
Lebky ve v\u011b\u017ei byly vystaveny ve velk\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed kru\u017enici, kter\u00e1 se zvedala a roz\u0161i\u0159ovala v \u0159ad\u011b kruh\u016f. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee toto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavovalo cyklickou povahu \u017eivota a smrti.<\/p>\n\n
Huey Tzompantli byla zni\u010dena \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdmi dobyvateli a jejich domorod\u00fdmi spojenci v 16. stolet\u00ed. V\u011b\u017ee byly rozebr\u00e1ny a jejich \u00falomky rozpt\u00fdleny po okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Huey Tzompantli byla znovuobjevena v roce 2015 b\u011bhem restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed budovy postaven\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b azt\u00e9ck\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta. V\u011b\u017e je nyn\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bnou archeologickou lokalitou a obl\u00edbenou turistickou destinac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Huey Tzompantli je mocnou p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 civilizace a jej\u00edho slo\u017eit\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v\u00edry. V\u011b\u017e je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o dovednostech Azt\u00e9k\u016f jako stavitel\u016f a jejich neochv\u011bjn\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e v jejich bohy.<\/p>\n\n
Huey Tzompantli je tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou temn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nky azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 kultury. V\u011b\u017e je symbolem n\u00e1sil\u00ed a lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n
\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed dobyvatel\u00e9 Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s, Bernal D\u00edaz del Castillo a Andr\u00e9s de Tapia popsali azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00e1ky lebek ve sv\u00fdch spisech o dobyt\u00ed regionu. De Tapia uvedl, \u017ee Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 um\u00edstili des\u00edtky tis\u00edc lebek \u201ena velmi velk\u00e9 jevi\u0161t\u011b vyroben\u00e9 z v\u00e1pna a kamene a na jeho schodech bylo mnoho hlav mrtv\u00fdch zara\u017een\u00fdch do v\u00e1pna se zuby obr\u00e1cen\u00fdmi ven\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
Huey Tzompantli je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f v Mexiku v posledn\u00edch letech. V\u011b\u017e poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a spole\u010dnosti. Je tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou komplexn\u00ed a \u010dasto protich\u016fdn\u00e9 povahy lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e z lebek: Makabr\u00f3zn\u00ed pam\u00e1tka na ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011bti Objev Huey Tzompantli V roce 2015 se archeologov\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky v Mexico City n\u00e1hodou setkali s makabr\u00f3zn\u00edm objevem: \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee postaven\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[5754,7371,7374,7372,7373,7375,7376],"class_list":["post-3963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-aztec-civilization","tag-human-sacrifice","tag-skulls","tag-mesoamerican-archaeology","tag-ritual-sacrifice","tag-tenochtitlan","tag-tower-of-skulls"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3963"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3964,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3963\/revisions\/3964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}