{"id":3994,"date":"2022-01-28T16:19:13","date_gmt":"2022-01-28T16:19:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3994"},"modified":"2022-01-28T16:19:13","modified_gmt":"2022-01-28T16:19:13","slug":"peter-mark-roget-from-napoleonic-captive-to-lexicographical-genius","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/history\/peter-mark-roget-from-napoleonic-captive-to-lexicographical-genius\/","title":{"rendered":"Peter Mark Roget: Od zajet\u00ed k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tezauru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Peter Mark Roget: Od zajatce Napoleona k lexikografick\u00e9mu g\u00e9niovi<\/h2>\n\n

Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Peter Mark Roget se narodil v roce 1779 jako syn \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho hodin\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd se usadil v Anglii. Roget projevil \u010dasn\u00fd talent pro jazyky a v\u011bdu a pozd\u011bji studoval medic\u00ednu na Edinbursk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed studia pracoval n\u011bkolik let jako l\u00e9ka\u0159 a vyn\u00e1lezce, ale jeho skute\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pat\u0159ila slov\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Grand Tour a napoleonsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1802 se Roget vydal na Grand Tour po Evrop\u011b, co\u017e byl inicia\u010dn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l pro mlad\u00e9 bohat\u00e9 Angli\u010dany. Byl doprov\u00e1zen dv\u011bma dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi chlapci, Burtonem a Nathanielem Philipsem, jejich\u017e otec si Rogeta najal jako jejich vychovatele.<\/p>\n\n

Trio str\u00e1vilo n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, kde se stalo sv\u011bdky vzestupu Napoleona Bonaparta. Velk\u00fd gener\u00e1l je fascinoval, ale jejich pobyt byl zkr\u00e1cen, kdy\u017e v roce 1803 vypukla v\u00e1lka mezi Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed a Franci\u00ed. Napoleon vydal dekret, podle kter\u00e9ho v\u0161ichni brit\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 na francouzsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed 18 let budou dr\u017eeni jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed zajatci.<\/p>\n\n

Roget a brat\u0159i Philip\u0161t\u00ed uv\u00edzli v \u017denev\u011b, kterou Napoleon anektoval. Roget se pokusil uprchnout, ale byl chycen a na\u0159\u00edzeno mu vzd\u00e1t se. Zoufal\u00fd ze snahy uniknout zajet\u00ed, Roget podal \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm \u017e\u00e1dosti o osvobozen\u00ed jako l\u00e9ka\u0159 a vychovatel, ale jeho \u017e\u00e1dosti byly zam\u00edtnuty.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dat\u011bk do Neuch\u00e2telu<\/h2>\n\n

Proto\u017ee brat\u0159i Philip\u0161t\u00ed byli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mlad\u00ed na to, aby se na n\u011b vztahoval Napoleon\u016fv v\u00fdnos, poslal je Roget p\u0159es hranice do \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 konfederace. Pot\u00e9 se uch\u00fdlil k posledn\u00edmu zoufal\u00e9mu kroku: zm\u011bn\u011b ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Roget\u016fv otec byl ob\u010danem \u017denevy a Roget dok\u00e1zal naj\u00edt sv\u016fj k\u0159estn\u00ed list. S t\u00edmto d\u016fkazem sv\u00e9ho \u017eenevsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu si Roget mohl opat\u0159it pas a znovu se p\u0159ipojit k bratr\u016fm Philipsov\u00fdm v Neuch\u00e2telu.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00e1vrat do Anglie a v\u011bdeck\u00e9 snahy<\/h2>\n\n

Roget a chlapci se nakonec vr\u00e1tili do Anglie, kde Roget obnovil svou kari\u00e9ru l\u00e9ka\u0159e a vyn\u00e1lezce. Tak\u00e9 hojn\u011b publikoval na v\u011bdeck\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku o logaritmick\u00e9m prav\u00edtku, kter\u00e9 vynalezl.<\/p>\n\n

V roce 1814 byl Roget zvolen \u010dlenem Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v Lond\u00fdn\u011b. Jeho nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm d\u00edlem byla vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed studie fyziologie v rostlinn\u00e9 a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, kter\u00e1 byla publikov\u00e1na v s\u00e9rii trakt\u00e1t\u016f Bridgewater.<\/p>\n\n

Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tezauru<\/h2>\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co ode\u0161el z l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a v\u011bdy v roce 1849, obr\u00e1til Roget svou pozornost ke slov\u016fm. V\u017edy ho fascinoval jazyk a b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho ml\u00e1d\u00ed sestavil seznam asi 15 000 slov.<\/p>\n\n

B\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed let Roget shrom\u00e1\u017edil sv\u00e1 slova do \u0161esti obecn\u00fdch kategori\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u201ehmoty\u201c, \u201eintelektu\u201c a \u201ev\u016fle\u201c. Zorganizoval a klasifikoval je podle jejich v\u00fdznam\u016f a vztah\u016f a vytvo\u0159il tak komplexn\u00edho pr\u016fvodce lidsk\u00fdmi znalostmi.<\/p>\n\n

Publikace a odkaz<\/h2>\n\n

Roget\u016fv tezaurus byl publikov\u00e1n v roce 1853 a rychle se stal bestsellerem. Byl to prvn\u00ed tezaurus, kter\u00fd nab\u00eddl hloubku a rozsah Rogetovy pr\u00e1ce, a zp\u016fsobil revoluci ve zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm lid\u00e9 psali a mluvili.<\/p>\n\n

Roget dohl\u00ed\u017eel na v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b des\u00edtky dal\u0161\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00ed a tisk\u016f sv\u00e9ho tezauru b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 16 let. Pokra\u010doval v pr\u00e1ci na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti v roce 1869 ve v\u011bku 90 let.<\/p>\n\n

Tezaurus Petera Marka Rogeta z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch referen\u010dn\u00edch knih v anglick\u00e9m jazyce. Je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm jeho geniality a jeho celo\u017eivotn\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161n\u011b pro slova.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Peter Mark Roget: Od zajatce Napoleona k lexikografick\u00e9mu g\u00e9niovi Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed Peter Mark Roget se narodil v roce 1779 jako syn \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho hodin\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd se usadil v Anglii.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[2622,7430,7431,7433,7429,7432],"class_list":["post-3994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-language","tag-lexicography","tag-napoleon","tag-words","tag-thesaurus","tag-captivity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3995,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3994\/revisions\/3995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}