{"id":4028,"date":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4028"},"modified":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T13:20:02","slug":"drought-and-assassination-in-ancient-rome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/history-of-science\/drought-and-assassination-in-ancient-rome\/","title":{"rendered":"Sucho a atent\u00e1t: Skryt\u00fd vztah v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sucho a atent\u00e1ty: Skryt\u00e1 souvislost v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n

Sr\u00e1\u017eky a c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 stabilita<\/h2>\n\n

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a mocn\u00e1 civilizace, nebyla ciz\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed a politick\u00fdm ot\u0159es\u016fm. C\u00edsa\u0159i, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dci t\u00e9to rozlehl\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, \u010dasto \u010delili hrozb\u00e1m na sv\u00e9 \u017eivoty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e atent\u00e1t byl b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm jevem. Nov\u00e1 studie v\u0161ak odhalila p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd environment\u00e1ln\u00ed faktor, kter\u00fd mohl v t\u011bchto smrt\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lostech sehr\u00e1t v\u00fdznamnou roli: sucho.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee obdob\u00ed mal\u00e9ho \u00fahrnu sr\u00e1\u017eek v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch pohrani\u010dn\u00edch oblastech, jako byla Galie (nyn\u00ed Francie) a Germ\u00e1nie, vedla ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnosti c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch atent\u00e1t\u016f. Tato korelace nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sucha m\u011bla na \u0159\u00ed\u0161i destabilizuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek, p\u0159isp\u00edvala k vojensk\u00e9 nestabilit\u011b a nakonec ohro\u017eovala \u017eivoty jej\u00edch v\u016fdc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Mechanismus: Sucho, hladomor a vzpoury<\/h2>\n\n

Sucha m\u011bla na \u0159\u00edmskou spole\u010dnost ni\u010div\u00fd dopad. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek znamenal \u0161patn\u00e9 \u00farody, co\u017e vedlo k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9mu hladu a hladomoru. Hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, p\u00e1te\u0159 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, byli neklidn\u00ed a n\u00e1chyln\u00ed ke vzpour\u00e1m. Tyto vzpoury zase podkop\u00e1valy podporu c\u00edsa\u0159e a \u010dinily ho zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u016f\u010di atent\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Dynastie Gordian\u016f: P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie<\/h2>\n\n

Dynastie Gordian\u016f, kter\u00e1 vl\u00e1dla \u0158\u00edmu od roku 235 do 285 n. l., poskytuje n\u00e1padn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad smrt\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1sledk\u016f sucha. V tomto obdob\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e za\u017eila siln\u00e1 sucha, co\u017e vedlo k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm ne\u00farod\u00e1m a nedostatku potravin. V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 nestabilita p\u0159isp\u011bla k atent\u00e1tu na 14 z 26 gordi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Vitellius: Tragick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00edsa\u0159 Vitellius, kter\u00fd nastoupil na tr\u016fn v roce 69 n. l., slou\u017e\u00ed jako prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad hypot\u00e9zy, \u017ee sucha sehr\u00e1la roli v c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch atent\u00e1tech. P\u0159ed sv\u00fdm n\u00e1stupem k moci byl Vitellius obl\u00edben\u00fdm gener\u00e1lem, obl\u00edben\u00fdm u sv\u00fdch vojsk. Po n\u00e1stupu na c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd tr\u016fn se v\u0161ak stal st\u00e1le bezohledn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a odd\u00e1val se extravagantn\u00edmu \u017eivotu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e odcizil sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznivce.<\/p>\n\n

Kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edmskou hranici zas\u00e1hlo siln\u00e9 sucho, Vitelliusova popularita prudce klesla. Jeho voj\u00e1ci, oslaben\u00ed hladem a demoralizovan\u00ed jeho chov\u00e1n\u00edm, se vzbou\u0159ili a svrhli ho. Vitellius byl brut\u00e1ln\u011b zavra\u017ed\u011bn v ulic\u00edch \u0158\u00edma, tragickou ob\u011bt\u00ed souhry mezi environment\u00e1ln\u00edm stresem a politickou nestabilitou.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed faktory<\/h2>\n\n

I kdy\u017e sucho bylo v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem p\u0159i atent\u00e1tech na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159e, nebylo to jedin\u00fd faktor. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee i dal\u0161\u00ed faktory, jako je politick\u00e1 nestabilita, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 krize a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lky, sehr\u00e1ly svou roli. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee sucho bylo konzistentn\u00edm a \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm p\u0159edch\u016fdcem t\u011bchto smrt\u00edc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace pro modern\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/h2>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed studie maj\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9ho vztahu mezi zm\u011bnou klimatu a politickou stabilitou v modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee zm\u011bna klimatu vede k \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm such\u016fm, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee budeme sv\u011bdky n\u00e1r\u016fstu politick\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f a n\u00e1sil\u00ed v zraniteln\u00fdch regionech.<\/p>\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed historick\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed mezi environment\u00e1ln\u00edm stresem a politickou nestabilitou n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci l\u00e9pe se na tato potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika p\u0159ipravit a zm\u00edrnit je a zajistit tak stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost pro v\u0161echny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sucho a atent\u00e1ty: Skryt\u00e1 souvislost v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch Sr\u00e1\u017eky a c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 stabilita \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a mocn\u00e1 civilizace, nebyla ciz\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed a politick\u00fdm ot\u0159es\u016fm. C\u00edsa\u0159i, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dci t\u00e9to rozlehl\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[3554,27,7472,7473,620,2990,34],"class_list":["post-4028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-famine","tag-history","tag-political-instability","tag-roman-emperors","tag-ancient-rome","tag-drought","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4028","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4028"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4028\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4029,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4028\/revisions\/4029"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4028"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4028"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}