Ka\u017ed\u00fd milion let se zm\u011bn\u00ed sklon Zem\u011b a ka\u017ed\u00fdch 2,5 milionu let se jej\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha stane kulat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tyto zm\u011bny maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj savc\u016f. Studie z Utrechtsk\u00e9 univerzity v Nizozemsku zjistila, \u017ee vyhynut\u00ed druh\u016f hlodavc\u016f ve \u0160pan\u011blsku se shodovalo s t\u011bmito zm\u011bnami ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. Ochlazuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek t\u011bchto zm\u011bn na severn\u00ed polokouli m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat k t\u011bmto vyhynut\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n
Selsk\u00fd rozum napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdrazy obli\u010deje se prim\u00e1rn\u011b u\u010d\u00ed od rodi\u010d\u016f. Studie z Haifsk\u00e9 univerzity v Izraeli v\u0161ak napad\u00e1 tuto p\u0159edstavu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nat\u00e1\u010deli rozhovory s vrozen\u011b slep\u00fdmi lidmi a zjistili, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdrazy obli\u010deje byly pozoruhodn\u011b podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdraz\u016fm jejich bl\u00edzk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee zamra\u010den\u00ed, \u00fasm\u011bvy a mra\u010den\u00ed mohou m\u00edt genetick\u00fd z\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159i studiu zebrovan\u00fdch tarantul\u00ed objevili v\u011bdci v N\u011bmecku ne\u010dekan\u00fd jev: hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 otisky tlap. Tyto otisky nebyly vytvo\u0159eny abdomin\u00e1ln\u00edmi hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdmi \u017el\u00e1zami tarantul\u00ed, ale drobn\u00fdmi strukturami na jejich chodidlech. Tento objev nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tito t\u011b\u017ec\u00ed pavouci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed pro lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ilnavost na kluzk\u00fdch listech de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa.<\/p>\n\n
Cuscuta pentagona, parazitick\u00e1 rostlina zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako kokotice, m\u00e1 pozoruhodnou schopnost detekovat vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie vylu\u010dovan\u00e9 jej\u00ed preferovanou hostitelskou rostlinou, raj\u010daty. Tato “\u010dichac\u00ed” schopnost, kterou objevili v\u011bdci z Pennsylvania State University, umo\u017e\u0148uje mlad\u00fdm rostlin\u00e1m kokotice rychle naj\u00edt sv\u00e9 hostitele, co\u017e maximalizuje jejich \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Tento objev by mohl v\u00e9st k nov\u00fdm metod\u00e1m kontroly tohoto \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho plevele.<\/p>\n\n
V kolumbijsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch objevil ornitolog Thomas Donegan z Fundaci\u00f3n ProAves nov\u00fd poddruh \u017elutoprs\u00e9ho p\u011bnkavy. Tradi\u010dn\u011b se nov\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 druhy ur\u010dovaly na z\u00e1klad\u011b konzervovan\u00fdch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f. \u00da\u0159ady v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed povoluj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f od \u017eiv\u00fdch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Donegan je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f, kter\u00fdm se to poda\u0159ilo, a to pomoc\u00ed fotografie a odb\u011bru vzork\u016f DNA k identifikaci tohoto nov\u00e9ho poddruhu.<\/p>\n\n
Donegan\u016fv objev zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho, aby exempl\u00e1\u0159 konzervoval, vypustil pt\u00e1ka zp\u011bt do voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup vyva\u017euje pot\u0159ebu v\u011bdeck\u00e9 dokumentace se zachov\u00e1n\u00edm biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti.<\/p>\n\n
Tyto studie vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na komplexn\u00ed a propojenou povahu \u017eivota na Zemi. Od vlivu zm\u011bn ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy na v\u00fdvoj savc\u016f a\u017e po genetick\u00fd z\u00e1klad v\u00fdraz\u016f obli\u010deje, od skryt\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed tarantul\u00ed a\u017e po pozoruhodn\u00e9 schopnosti parazitick\u00fdch rostlin a od ochrany pta\u010d\u00edch druh\u016f a\u017e po vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9ho poddruhu, v\u011bda nad\u00e1le odhaluje z\u00e1zraky a slo\u017eitosti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Divok\u00e9 v\u011bci: \u017divot, jak ho zn\u00e1me Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha Zem\u011b a v\u00fdvoj savc\u016f Ka\u017ed\u00fd milion let se zm\u011bn\u00ed sklon Zem\u011b a ka\u017ed\u00fdch 2,5 milionu let se jej\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha stane kulat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[136,188,7555,1896,7557,7556,499],"class_list":["post-4091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-evolution","tag-genetics","tag-earths-orbit","tag-bird-conservation","tag-parasitic-plants","tag-zebra-tarantulas","tag-facial-expressions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4091"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4091\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4092,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4091\/revisions\/4092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}