Kalifornie v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nejhor\u0161\u00ed sucho za posledn\u00edch minim\u00e1ln\u011b 1 200 let, podle nov\u00e9 studie, kter\u00e1 analyzovala z\u00e1znamy letokruh\u016f strom\u016f. Studie, publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Nature Climate Change, zjistila, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 sucho je \u201emimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 v kontextu p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm posledn\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
Letokruhy poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00fd z\u00e1znam o minul\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vytvo\u0159\u00ed strom nov\u00fd letokruh r\u016fstu. V letech s dostatkem vody stromy rostou v\u00edce, zat\u00edmco v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch sucha stromy rostou m\u00e9n\u011b. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm letokruh\u016f strom\u016f mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat relativn\u00ed odhad toho, jak vlhk\u00e9 nebo such\u00e9 bylo v minul\u00fdch vegeta\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci v t\u00e9to studii identifikovali 37 obdob\u00ed sucha, kter\u00e9 trvalo t\u0159i roky nebo d\u00e9le, a to a\u017e do roku 800. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto obdob\u00ed sucha nebylo tak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed jako podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 Kalifornie za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 sucho je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 kv\u016fli kombinaci faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b vysok\u00fdch teplot a n\u00edzk\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek. I kdy\u017e v minulosti existovala l\u00e9ta s podobn\u00fdmi nedostatky sr\u00e1\u017eek, kombinace horka a sucha u\u010dinila toto sucho mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n
Index z\u00e1va\u017enosti sucha Palmer (PDSI) je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem z\u00e1va\u017enosti sucha, kter\u00e9 zohled\u0148uje jak sr\u00e1\u017eky, tak teplotu. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 sucho m\u00e1 PDSI -14,55, co\u017e je extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 zaznamenan\u00e9 sucho, v\u010detn\u011b del\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed sucha, kter\u00e1 trvala 4 a\u017e 9 let.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco sou\u010dasn\u00e9 sucho spad\u00e1 do oblasti historick\u00e9 variability, auto\u0159i studie poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee tomu nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy tak v budoucnosti. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee zm\u011bna klimatu povede k \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm sucha v Kalifornii a dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n
\u201eTento typ sucha o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee uvid\u00edme v budoucnu \u010dast\u011bji,\u201c \u0159ekl Daniel Griffin, jeden z v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed studii provedli. \u201eMo\u017en\u00e1 je budoucnost ji\u017e tady.\u201c<\/p>\n\n
Sucho m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na kalifornsk\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ekonomiku a spole\u010dnost. Rezervy vody se zmen\u0161uj\u00ed, z\u00e1soby podzemn\u00ed vody klesaj\u00ed a vrcholky hor pokryt\u00e9 sn\u011bhem jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou hol\u00e9. Zem\u011bd\u011blci bojuj\u00ed o udr\u017een\u00ed sv\u00fdch plodin p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b a obyvatel\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed nedostatku vody a omezen\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n
Sucho m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 negativn\u00ed dopad na ekonomiku st\u00e1tu. Turistick\u00fd ruch trp\u00ed a podniky se zav\u00edraj\u00ed nebo propou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011bstnance. Sucho tak\u00e9 stoj\u00ed st\u00e1t miliardy dolar\u016f na ztracen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjmech.<\/p>\n\n
Sucho je v\u00e1\u017enou v\u00fdzvou pro Kalifornii a je nezbytn\u00e9, aby st\u00e1t p\u0159ijal opat\u0159en\u00ed k jeho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. To zahrnuje investice do opat\u0159en\u00ed na \u00fasporu vody, v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vody a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159ijet\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee Kalifornie pomoci zajistit, \u017ee bude p\u0159ipravena na v\u00fdzvy budoucnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed sucho v Kalifornii: Bezprecedentn\u00ed za posledn\u00edch 1 200 let Anal\u00fdza letokruh\u016f odhaluje historick\u00fd kontext Kalifornie v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nejhor\u0161\u00ed sucho za posledn\u00edch minim\u00e1ln\u011b 1 200 let, podle…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23734,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[7599,180,5785,7598,34],"class_list":["post-4121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-tree-ring-analysis","tag-environmental-crisis","tag-water-scarcity","tag-california-drought","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4121"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4122,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4121\/revisions\/4122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}