Microraptor gui, mal\u00fd ope\u0159en\u00fd dinosaurus, kter\u00fd \u017eil p\u0159ed asi 120 miliony let, vyvolal mezi paleontology v\u00e1\u0161nivou debatu o jeho schopnosti l\u00e9tat a jeho v\u00fdznamu v evoluci pt\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z hlavn\u00edch kontroverz\u00ed kolem Microraptora je poloha jeho zadn\u00edch kon\u010detin b\u011bhem letu. V roce 2010 navrhla studie Alexandra a jeho koleg\u016f, \u017ee Microraptor dr\u017eel sv\u00e9 zadn\u00ed kon\u010detiny rozta\u017een\u00e9 do stran jako krokod\u00fdl, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159il druhou sadu k\u0159\u00eddel. Tato poloha by mu umo\u017enila efektivn\u011bji klouzat.<\/p>\n\n
N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 studie Brusatteho a Broughama v\u0161ak tuto hypot\u00e9zu zpochybnila. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee anatomie ky\u010dl\u00ed Microraptora, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnost redukovan\u00fdch supracetabul\u00e1rn\u00edch h\u0159eben\u016f a zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fdch antitrochanter\u016f, by mu zabr\u00e1nila v nata\u017een\u00ed nohou zp\u016fsobem navr\u017een\u00fdm Alexandrem a jeho kolegy. To by podle Brusatteho u\u010dinilo navrhovanou polohu \u201eanatomicky nepravd\u011bpodobnou\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
Debata o anatomii ky\u010dl\u00ed Microraptora pramen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ze zp\u016fsobu uchov\u00e1n\u00ed fosili\u00ed tohoto dinosaura. Vzorky ky\u010dl\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9 Alexandrem a jeho kolegy byly zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e9, co\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e1 vedlo k myln\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee chyb\u011bly omezuj\u00edc\u00ed rysy. Brusatte a Brougham v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee i ve zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e9m stavu je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee Microraptor tyto rysy m\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n
Microraptor byl \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s jin\u00fdmi dromaeosauridn\u00edmi dinosaury, v\u010detn\u011b Hesperonycha, kter\u00fd byl zachov\u00e1n s nezplo\u0161t\u011blou p\u00e1nv\u00ed. U Hesperonycha jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny omezuj\u00edc\u00ed rysy ky\u010dl\u00ed, co\u017e d\u00e1le podporuje argument Brusatteho a Broughama, \u017ee Microraptor nemohl sv\u00e9 nohy zcela roztahovat do stran.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdznam Microraptora pro vznik letu je st\u00e1le nejist\u00fd. V dob\u011b, kdy Microraptor \u017eil, ji\u017e existovali prvn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci, a je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee byl pouze jedn\u00edm z mnoha mal\u00fdch ope\u0159en\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b vyvinuli schopnost klouzat.<\/p>\n\n
Brusatte tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 studovat Microraptora v kontextu dal\u0161\u00edch dromaeosaurid\u016f a troodontid\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161ili velikost\u00ed, ope\u0159en\u00fdm pokryvem a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem. Abychom mohli tvrdit, \u017ee Microraptorova schopnost klouzat byla p\u0159edch\u016fdcem vzniku letu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee tuto schopnost si zachovali bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 pt\u00e1k\u016f. To na z\u00e1klad\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f nen\u00ed jist\u00e9 ani pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed debatu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Microraptor fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm a z\u00e1hadn\u00fdm dinosaurem, kter\u00fd poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o v\u00fdvoji letu. Abychom pln\u011b porozum\u011bli jeho \u00faloze ve vzniku pt\u00e1k\u016f a r\u016fzn\u00fdm adaptac\u00edm ope\u0159en\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Microraptor: Kontroverzn\u00ed dinosaurus u zrodu l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed Ope\u0159en\u00fd dinosaurus Microraptor gui, mal\u00fd ope\u0159en\u00fd dinosaurus, kter\u00fd \u017eil p\u0159ed asi 120 miliony let, vyvolal mezi paleontology v\u00e1\u0161nivou debatu o jeho schopnosti l\u00e9tat a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[134,7615,7617,137,7616],"class_list":["post-4131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-dinosaurs","tag-microraptor","tag-feathered-dinosaurs","tag-paleontology","tag-origin-of-flight"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4132,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4131\/revisions\/4132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}