{"id":4187,"date":"2023-10-28T13:20:56","date_gmt":"2023-10-28T13:20:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4187"},"modified":"2023-10-28T13:20:56","modified_gmt":"2023-10-28T13:20:56","slug":"pluto-a-strange-and-surprising-dwarf-planet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/astronomy-and-space\/pluto-a-strange-and-surprising-dwarf-planet\/","title":{"rendered":"Pluto: Podivn\u00e1 a p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e1 trpasli\u010d\u00ed planeta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pluto: Podivn\u00e1 a p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e1 trpasli\u010d\u00ed planeta<\/h2>\n\n

Geologie: Rozmanit\u00e1 krajina<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee je Pluto mal\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se pochlubit rozmanitou geologickou krajinou. Jeho povrch je poset\u00fd kr\u00e1tery, ka\u0148ony, \u00fadol\u00edmi a vrstvami vodn\u00edho ledu a tak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00fdm zmrzl\u00fdm dus\u00edkem, metanem a oxidem uhelnat\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n

Prom\u011bnliv\u00fd povrch<\/h2>\n\n

Povrch Pluta se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed kv\u016fli snadn\u00e9mu p\u0159echodu mezi kapaln\u00fdm a zmrzl\u00fdm skupenstv\u00edm dus\u00edku, metanu a oxidu uhelnat\u00e9ho. Tento dynamick\u00fd povrch m\u016f\u017ee ukr\u00fdvat surre\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatvary, jako jsou ledov\u00e9 sopky a plovouc\u00ed ledov\u00e9 hory.<\/p>\n\n

Atmosf\u00e9ra: Stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se \u010dekalo<\/h2>\n\n

Data z New Horizons odhalila, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9ra Pluta je hust\u0161\u00ed a stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bdci v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee trpasli\u010d\u00ed planeta rychle ztr\u00e1c\u00ed dus\u00edk, ale dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee to byla chyba. Nyn\u00ed se odhaduje, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9ra Pluta ztr\u00e1c\u00ed dus\u00edk mnohem pomaleji kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm studen\u00fdm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u0159eteln\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 vrstvy<\/h2>\n\n

Atmosf\u00e9ra Pluta se t\u00e1hne p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 932 mil nad jeho povrchem a sest\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z dus\u00edku a metanu. Obsahuje v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny, jako je acetylen, ethylen a ethan, kter\u00e9 interaguj\u00ed s metanem a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed na\u010dervenal\u00e9 tholinov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed mlhu a t\u0159\u00edd\u00ed se do vrstevnat\u00fdch vrstev viditeln\u00fdch na sn\u00edmc\u00edch New Horizons.<\/p>\n\n

Rychle se ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce<\/h2>\n\n

Pluto m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i men\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vznikly d\u00e1vn\u00fdm n\u00e1razem a skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se z ledu, o n\u011bm\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho povrchu Pluta. Rychle se ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed a v lich\u00fdch \u00fahlech ob\u00edhaj\u00ed kolem trpasli\u010d\u00ed planety, co\u017e je jev, kter\u00fd v\u011bdce st\u00e1le mate.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 objevy<\/h2>\n\n

Jak New Horizons pokra\u010duje ve vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dat, o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bdci odhalen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch detail\u016f o Plutonu. Jeho rozmanit\u00e1 geologie, dynamick\u00fd povrch, stabiln\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra a z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed jeden z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch objekt\u016f v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Dynamick\u00e1 povaha Pluta<\/h2>\n\n

Povrch Pluta je ve stavu neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zm\u011bny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jeho t\u011bkav\u00e9 ledy p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed mezi kapaln\u00fdm a zmrzl\u00fdm skupenstv\u00edm. Tato dynamick\u00e1 povaha by mohla d\u00e1t vzniknout surre\u00e1ln\u00fdm \u00fatvar\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b ledov\u00fdch sopek, kter\u00e9 chrl\u00ed zmrzl\u00fd materi\u00e1l, a ty\u010d\u00edc\u00edch se ledov\u00fdch hor, kter\u00e9 pluj\u00ed jako ledovce na zmrzl\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

Atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e1 stabilita a komplexnost<\/h2>\n\n

Atmosf\u00e9ra Pluta, o n\u00ed\u017e se kdysi myslelo, \u017ee rychle unik\u00e1 dus\u00edk, se uk\u00e1zala b\u00fdt stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve v\u011b\u0159ilo. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee studen\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry hraj\u00ed roli v t\u00e9to stabilit\u011b. Krom\u011b toho atmosf\u00e9ra Pluta vykazuje z\u0159eteln\u00e9 vrstvy, kde organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny tvo\u0159\u00ed na\u010dervenal\u00e9 ml\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 se rozvrstvuj\u00ed do viditeln\u00fdch vrstev.<\/p>\n\n

Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

\u010cty\u0159i men\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce Pluta, kter\u00e9 vznikly d\u00e1vn\u00fdm n\u00e1razem, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed matouc\u00ed z\u00e1hadu. Rychle se ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed a v lich\u00fdch \u00fahlech, na rozd\u00edl od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch pozorovan\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f ve slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b. V\u011bdci nad\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed a dynamiku t\u011bchto m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, aby ur\u010dili p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jejich neobvykl\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Plutova pozice ve slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti Pluta a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed objevy zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed trpasli\u010d\u00edch planet a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. Jeho rozmanit\u00e1 geologie, dynamick\u00fd povrch, stabiln\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra a z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed podmaniv\u00fd objekt pro dal\u0161\u00ed studium a pr\u016fzkum.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pluto: Podivn\u00e1 a p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e1 trpasli\u010d\u00ed planeta Geologie: Rozmanit\u00e1 krajina P\u0159esto\u017ee je Pluto mal\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se pochlubit rozmanitou geologickou krajinou. Jeho povrch je poset\u00fd kr\u00e1tery, ka\u0148ony, \u00fadol\u00edmi a vrstvami vodn\u00edho ledu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2151],"tags":[2572,207,1306,7678,1304,7680,7679,5945],"class_list":["post-4187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy-and-space","tag-atmosphere","tag-geology","tag-ice-mountains","tag-ice-volcanoes","tag-pluto","tag-rapidly-spinning-moons","tag-tholin-haze","tag-dwarf-planet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4187"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4188,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4187\/revisions\/4188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}