Malintzin, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako La Malinche nebo Do\u00f1a Marina, byla p\u016fvodem domorod\u00e1 \u017eena, kter\u00e1 sehr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Mexika. Narodila se kolem roku 1500 a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b byla v \u00fatl\u00e9m v\u011bku prod\u00e1na do otroctv\u00ed. Kdy\u017e Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s v roce 1519 dobyl maysk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Potonch\u00e1n, byla Malintzin mezi otrokyn\u011bmi a d\u00edvkami, kter\u00e9 mu byly d\u00e1ny jako dary.<\/p>\n\n
Cort\u00e9s rychle rozpoznal Malintzininy jazykov\u00e9 schopnosti, proto\u017ee mluvila jak jukat\u00e1nskou mayskou, tak nahuatl, jazyk Azt\u00e9k\u016f. Zam\u011bstnal ji jako tlumo\u010dnici a poradkyni, co\u017e se uk\u00e1zalo jako neoceniteln\u00e9 b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho jeho ta\u017een\u00ed. Malintzininy znalosti p\u016fvodn\u00edch jazyk\u016f a zvyk\u016f j\u00ed umo\u017enily usnadnit komunikaci mezi \u0160pan\u011bly a domorod\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody, se kter\u00fdmi se setkali.<\/p>\n\n
Malintzinina role ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed byla p\u0159edm\u011btem mnoha debat a kontroverz\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed historici ji vykresluj\u00ed jako zr\u00e1dkyni, kter\u00e1 pomohla \u0160pan\u011bl\u016fm v jejich dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 genocid\u011b domorod\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Jin\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee byla p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ud\u011blala maximum z nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed a projevila samostatnost v r\u00e1mci omezen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho otroctv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Malintzinin obraz byl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu mexick\u00fdch d\u011bjin pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch my\u0161lenek a emoc\u00ed. Po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti Mexika na \u0160pan\u011blsku se stala symbolem n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity a p\u0159edstavovala sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho a \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Byla v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 negativn\u011b zobrazov\u00e1na jako zr\u00e1dkyn\u011b a prodejn\u00e1 osoba. V\u00fdraz \u201emalinchista\u201c se v mexick\u00e9m slangu st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ozna\u010den\u00ed n\u011bkoho, kdo je nev\u011brn\u00fd nebo opou\u0161t\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed kulturu.<\/p>\n\n
V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se objevuje nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed o p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed Malintzinina odkazu a poskytnut\u00ed diferencovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edho porozum\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00ed role. Zejm\u00e9na chicano feministky se chopily jej\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu a oslavuj\u00ed ji jako symbol domorod\u00e9ho odporu a \u017eensk\u00e9 emancipace. Um\u011blci a spisovatel\u00e9 tak\u00e9 zkoumali jej\u00ed komplexn\u00ed charakter a zp\u016fsoby, jak\u00fdmi jej\u00ed zku\u0161enosti rezonuj\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami identity, kolonialismu a genderu.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdstava v Denver Art Museum s n\u00e1zvem \u201eZr\u00e1dkyn\u011b, p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed, ikona: Odkaz La Malinche\u201c p\u0159edstavuje mnohostrannou anal\u00fdzu Malintzinina \u017eivota a odkazu. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u011bl 38 um\u011blc\u016f v\u00fdstava zkoum\u00e1 jej\u00ed roli jako tlumo\u010dnice, domorod\u00e9 \u017eeny, matky, zr\u00e1dkyn\u011b a ikony. Vystaven\u00e1 d\u00edla zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a zvou div\u00e1ky, aby si vytvo\u0159ili vlastn\u00ed dojem o t\u00e9to z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 osobnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Malintzinin p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rezonuje dodnes, stalet\u00ed po jej\u00ed smrti. Jej\u00ed komplexn\u00ed charakter a nejednozna\u010dn\u00fd odkaz z n\u00ed u\u010dinily p\u0159edm\u011bt fascinace a debat. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou slo\u017eitosti kolonialismu, odolnosti domorod\u00e9ho obyvatelstva a trval\u00e9 s\u00edly \u017eensk\u00fdch hlas\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Malintzin: Komplexn\u00ed a kontroverzn\u00ed osobnost mexick\u00fdch d\u011bjin Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a otroctv\u00ed Malintzin, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako La Malinche nebo Do\u00f1a Marina, byla p\u016fvodem domorod\u00e1 \u017eena, kter\u00e1 sehr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1066,1185,7736,1034,2069,1003],"class_list":["post-4224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-indigenous-history","tag-colonialism","tag-la-malinche","tag-mexico","tag-spanish-conquest","tag-women-in-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4224"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4225,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4224\/revisions\/4225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}