{"id":4226,"date":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","date_gmt":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4226"},"modified":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","slug":"vision-enhancement-technologies-across-the-centuries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/vision-science\/vision-enhancement-technologies-across-the-centuries\/","title":{"rendered":"Technologie pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed zraku: Inovace nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Technologie zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed zrak: Inovace nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi<\/h2>\n\n

Starov\u011bk\u00e9 optick\u00e9 inovace<\/h2>\n\n

Zv\u011bdavost a touha po zlep\u0161en\u00ed zraku poh\u00e1n\u011bly inovace v optick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch po stalet\u00ed. Nimrudsk\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka, 3 000 let star\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka z horsk\u00e9ho k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lu, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edklad\u016fm. Vikingov\u00e9 le\u0161tili horsk\u00fd k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1l a vyr\u00e1b\u011bli z n\u011bj ozdobn\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1zaly soust\u0159edit slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo a vytvo\u0159it ohe\u0148.<\/p>\n\n

Zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a korekce zraku<\/h2>\n\n

V 11. stolet\u00ed objevil Ibn al-Haytham zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00ed s\u00edlu konvexn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek. Vlastn\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00ed \u010do\u010dku pou\u017e\u00edval ke \u010dten\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Roger Bacon, anglick\u00fd mnich, popsal ve sv\u00e9m rukopisu Opus Majus n\u00e1vrhy korek\u010dn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek, nen\u00ed v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, zda byly n\u011bkdy vyrobeny.<\/p>\n\n

Vyn\u00e1lez br\u00fdl\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Kolem 13. stolet\u00ed se p\u0159ipisuje vyn\u00e1lez korek\u010dn\u00edch br\u00fdl\u00ed italsk\u00fdm mni\u0161sk\u00fdm p\u00edsa\u0159\u016fm. Tyto ran\u00e9 br\u00fdle sest\u00e1valy ze dvou konvexn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek spojen\u00fdch dohromady a p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00fdch k obli\u010deji pomoc\u00ed dr\u017e\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n\n

Vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky i na bl\u00edzko<\/h2>\n\n

Prvn\u00ed patent na dalekohled podal v roce 1608 Hans Lippershey. Galileo pozd\u011bji vylep\u0161il Lippershey\u016fv n\u00e1vrh a vytvo\u0159il dalekohled, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal objekty je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zv\u011bt\u0161it. Lippershey, Hans Janssen a Zacharias Janssen jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni tak\u00e9 za vyn\u00e1lezce mikroskopu.<\/p>\n\n

Marnivost a ochrana p\u0159ed slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm<\/h2>\n\n

V 18. stolet\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148ovaly lorgnety \u017een\u00e1m vyhnout se no\u0161en\u00ed br\u00fdl\u00ed na obli\u010deji, co\u017e bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nemodern\u00ed. Pince-nez, br\u00fdle, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipev\u0148ovaly na ko\u0159en nosu, se staly popul\u00e1rn\u00ed v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed. V roce 1913 vyvinul sir William Crookes \u010do\u010dky, kter\u00e9 mohly absorbovat ultrafialov\u00e9 a infra\u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, co\u017e vedlo ke vzniku slune\u010dn\u00edch br\u00fdl\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Senzorick\u00e1 z\u00e1bava<\/h2>\n\n

Maska Telesphere Mask Mortona Heiliga (1960) kombinovala 3D sn\u00edmky, stereofonn\u00ed zvuk a gener\u00e1tor z\u00e1pachu. Jeho simul\u00e1tor Sensorama Simulator (1962) byl pohlcuj\u00edc\u00edm filmov\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem pro jednu osobu. Televizn\u00ed br\u00fdle Huga Gernsbacka (1963) p\u0159ij\u00edmaly sign\u00e1ly prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ant\u00e9n a prom\u00edtaly sv\u011bteln\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly p\u0159\u00edmo na obrazovku, kterou m\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk nasazenou na obli\u010deji.<\/p>\n\n

3D zobrazen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Me\u010d Damokl\u016fv Ivana Sutherlanda (1965) byl objemn\u00fd n\u00e1hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd prom\u00edtal 3D obrazy p\u0159\u00edmo na s\u00edtnici. Tento neohraban\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez vy\u017eadoval mechanick\u00e9 rameno p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00e9 ke stropu.<\/p>\n\n

Soukrom\u00e9 oko a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 realita<\/h2>\n\n

Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Private Eye spole\u010dnosti Reflection Technology (1989) bylo namontov\u00e1no na br\u00fdle a vytv\u00e1\u0159elo rozhran\u00ed p\u0159ekryt\u00e9 na re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Bylo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no v projektech jako KARMA, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval p\u0159ekr\u00fdvat technick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed b\u011bhem oprav.<\/p>\n\n

Zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e1 realita Steva Manna<\/h2>\n\n

Steve Mann vyv\u00edj\u00ed nositelnou a vestav\u011bnou technologii od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Jeho EyeTap se vyvinul z n\u00e1hlavn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na elegantn\u00ed nositeln\u00fd displej, kter\u00fd zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 na n\u011bj sn\u00edmky.<\/p>\n\n

Kyborgov\u00e9 a ajborgov\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n

Neil Harbisson, katal\u00e1nsk\u00fd kyborg a um\u011blec, m\u00e1 ajborg trvale implantovan\u00fd do lebky. Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mu umo\u017e\u0148uje \u201esly\u0161et\u201c barvy t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 vlny na zvukov\u00e9 frekvence. Tyto frekvence vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako vibrace, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 do barevn\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl a zvukov\u00fdch portr\u00e9t\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Technologie zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed zrak: Inovace nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi Starov\u011bk\u00e9 optick\u00e9 inovace Zv\u011bdavost a touha po zlep\u0161en\u00ed zraku poh\u00e1n\u011bly inovace v optick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch po stalet\u00ed. Nimrudsk\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka, 3 000 let star\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7738],"tags":[27,37,5651,497,9,97,7737],"class_list":["post-4226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vision-science","tag-history","tag-innovation","tag-optics","tag-technology","tag-art","tag-science","tag-vision-enhancement"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4226"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4227,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226\/revisions\/4227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}