Bruce Molnia, geolog z americk\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, str\u00e1vil des\u00edtky let sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm a studiem historick\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed alja\u0161sk\u00fdch ledovc\u016f. Tyto sn\u00edmky poskytuj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled na dramatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, k nim\u017e do\u0161lo za posledn\u00ed stolet\u00ed vinou glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Molniovy fotografie z obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed a po nab\u00edzej\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd d\u016fkaz t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku Glacier Bay, n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parc\u00edch Denali a Kenai Fjords a n\u00e1rodn\u00edm lese Chugach. Molnia znovu nav\u0161t\u00edvil p\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kde byly po\u0159\u00edzeny p\u016fvodn\u00ed fotografie, a zachytil tak nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd kontrast mezi kdysi mohutn\u00fdmi ledov\u00fdmi velik\u00e1ny a dne\u0161n\u00edmi ustupuj\u00edc\u00edmi ledovci.<\/p>\n\n
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edch 75 a\u017e 100 let se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed teploty na Alja\u0161ce zv\u00fd\u0161ily asi o 5 stup\u0148\u016f Fahrenheita, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu \u00fastupu ledovc\u016f. Z ledovc\u016f, kter\u00e9 Molnia studoval, jen 1 a\u017e 2 procenta vyrostlo, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kv\u016fli zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch. Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina se viditeln\u011b zmen\u0161uje, n\u011bkter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edch 95 let ztratily a\u017e 20 mil d\u00e9lky.<\/p>\n\n
Toto t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f m\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky pro alja\u0161sk\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed i infrastrukturu. Studie \u00da\u0159adu pro vl\u00e1dn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost z roku 2003 zjistila, \u017ee 86 procent alja\u0161sk\u00fdch vesnic ohro\u017euje zaplaven\u00ed a eroze zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 t\u00e1n\u00edm ledovc\u016f a mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu.<\/p>\n\n
\u00dabytek ledovc\u016f se neomezuje jen na Alja\u0161ku. Ledovce se zmen\u0161uj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude, v\u010detn\u011b Arktick\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace, Antarktidy a na vrcholc\u00edch hor v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Peru a Argentin\u011b. Taje i ikonick\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 \u010depice na ho\u0159e Kilimand\u017e\u00e1ro.<\/p>\n\n
Glaciolog Lonnie Thompson z univerzity v Ohiu p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Glacier na hranici Montany a Kanady p\u0159ijde v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho trendu o v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 ledovce do 30 let.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco p\u0159irozen\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy zemsk\u00e9ho klimatu zp\u016fsobovaly p\u0159\u00edchod a odchod dob ledov\u00fdch, v\u011bdci se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee ned\u00e1vn\u00fd prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst hladin oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlil t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f. Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd zachycuje v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e teplo, co\u017e vede ke sklen\u00edkov\u00e9mu efektu.<\/p>\n\n
Lidsk\u00e9 aktivity, jako je spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv, uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Tato akumulace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f zhor\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinky glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a vede k rychl\u00e9mu t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Ledovce vznikaj\u00ed hromad\u011bn\u00edm a zhut\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm sn\u011bhu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. V\u00e1ha sn\u011bhu stla\u010duje vlo\u010dky do ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou dor\u016fst velikosti lidsk\u00e9 hlavy.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e sv\u011btlo pronikne do zhutn\u011bn\u00e9ho ledu, absorbuj\u00ed se \u010derven\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stra\u0161ideln\u00e1 modr\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159e. Tato ledovcov\u00e1 modr\u00e1 je jedine\u010dn\u00fdm a fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm pohledem, kter\u00fd je nejl\u00e9pe vid\u011bt na dn\u011b trhlin nebo tam, kde se ledovce tav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Ledovce nejsou jen \u00fachvatn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed divy, ale tak\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 slo\u017eky zemsk\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu. Poskytuj\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy, reguluj\u00ed pr\u016ftok vody a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k chladic\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu planety.<\/p>\n\n
Ztr\u00e1ta ledovc\u016f v d\u016fsledku glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbou pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed i lidskou civilizaci. Je nezbytn\u00e9 pochopit p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a dopady t\u00e1n\u00ed ledovc\u016f a p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed jejich ni\u010div\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed alja\u0161sk\u00e9 ledovce: stolet\u00ed zm\u011bn Historick\u00e1 dokumentace \u00fastupu ledovc\u016f Bruce Molnia, geolog z americk\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, str\u00e1vil des\u00edtky let sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm a studiem historick\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed alja\u0161sk\u00fdch ledovc\u016f. Tyto sn\u00edmky poskytuj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[7754,924,569,7756,7757,7755,1227,34],"class_list":["post-4239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-alaska-glaciers","tag-nature-photography","tag-global-warming","tag-ice-caps","tag-melting-glaciers","tag-glacier-retreat","tag-science-and-art","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4240,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4239\/revisions\/4240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}