{"id":4363,"date":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4363"},"modified":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T00:59:11","slug":"artificial-muscles-tiny-dancers-generate-electricity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/materials-science\/artificial-muscles-tiny-dancers-generate-electricity\/","title":{"rendered":"Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly: Pr\u016flomov\u00e1 technologie s nekone\u010dn\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly: Mal\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed elekt\u0159inu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly jsou tenk\u00e9 polymerov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 se mohou roztahovat a smr\u0161\u0165ovat jako skute\u010dn\u00e9 svaly, kdy\u017e jsou vystaveny vod\u011b. Jsou vyrobeny ze dvou typ\u016f polymer\u016f: polypyrrol, kter\u00fd poskytuje pevnou nosnou strukturu, a polyol-bor\u00e1t, pru\u017en\u00fd gel, kter\u00fd se rozp\u00edn\u00e1 a smr\u0161\u0165uje.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak funguj\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly p\u0159ijdou do styku s vodou, vrstva polyol-bor\u00e1tu absorbuje vodu a rychle se ohne sm\u011brem nahoru. Jakmile je spodn\u00ed vrstva zvednuta ze zem\u011b a dostane se do styku se vzduchem, vlhkost se z n\u00ed odpa\u0159\u00ed a ona se op\u011bt zplo\u0161t\u00ed. Tento proces rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed napodobuje \u010dinnost skute\u010dn\u00fdch sval\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou vyrobeny z pevn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b kolagenov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken propleten\u00fdch elastick\u00fdmi mikrovl\u00e1kny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aplikace um\u011bl\u00fdch sval\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly maj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu mo\u017en\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly lze vyu\u017e\u00edt k v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny z prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad z vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry ve vzduchu nebo potu z t\u011bla. To by mohlo nap\u00e1jet mal\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou environment\u00e1ln\u00ed senzory nebo nositeln\u00e1 elektronika.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pohony:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly lze vyu\u017e\u00edt k pohonu m\u011bkk\u00fdch robot\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fd pohyb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biomedic\u00ednsk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly by mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed implantovateln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s pohybem nebo opravuj\u00ed po\u0161kozenou tk\u00e1\u0148.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody um\u011bl\u00fdch sval\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly oproti tradi\u010dn\u00edm motor\u016fm a pohon\u016fm nab\u00edzej\u00ed n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lehk\u00e9 a flexibiln\u00ed:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly jsou vyrobeny z tenk\u00fdch polymerov\u00fdch pl\u00e1t\u016f, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed lehk\u00fdmi a flexibiln\u00edmi. To umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich integraci do r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed velmi m\u00e1lo energie, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00edmi pro aplikace, kde je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biokompatibiln\u00ed:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly jsou vyrobeny z materi\u00e1l\u016f kompatibiln\u00edch s lidsk\u00fdm t\u011blem, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed vhodn\u00fdmi pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v biomedic\u00ednsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nev\u00fdhody um\u011bl\u00fdch sval\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Omezen\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00ed v\u00fdkon:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly nejsou tak siln\u00e9 jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed motory a pohony, tak\u017ee nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt vhodn\u00e9 pro aplikace, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysok\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00ed v\u00fdkon.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Omezen\u00e1 \u017eivotnost:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly maj\u00ed omezenou \u017eivotnost a jejich v\u00fdkon se m\u016f\u017ee \u010dasem zhor\u0161ovat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Citlivost na prost\u0159ed\u00ed:<\/strong> Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly jsou citliv\u00e9 na podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je teplota a vlhkost, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit jejich v\u00fdkon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost um\u011bl\u00fdch sval\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly jsou slibn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 technologie se \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou mo\u017en\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci aktivn\u011b pracuj\u00ed na zlep\u0161en\u00ed jejich s\u00edly, \u017eivotnosti a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jakmile budou tyto v\u00fdzvy p\u0159ekon\u00e1ny, um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b stanou st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oborech, od robotiky po medic\u00ednu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zde je n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch podrobnost\u00ed o um\u011bl\u00fdch svalech:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zvedat p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ony samy.<\/li>\n<li>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly mohou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt elekt\u0159inu o nap\u011bt\u00ed asi 1 volt.<\/li>\n<li>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly lze vyrobit z r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b polymer\u016f, keramiky a kov\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly jsou st\u00e1le v ran\u00e9m st\u00e1diu v\u00fdvoje, ale maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l zm\u011bnit celou \u0159adu pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly: Mal\u00ed tane\u010dn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed elekt\u0159inu Co jsou um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly? Um\u011bl\u00e9 svaly jsou tenk\u00e9 polymerov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 se mohou roztahovat a smr\u0161\u0165ovat jako skute\u010dn\u00e9 svaly, kdy\u017e jsou vystaveny vod\u011b.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3681],"tags":[3833,83,7945,3836,6590,2054],"class_list":["post-4363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-science","tag-artificial-muscles","tag-biomimicry","tag-energy-harvesting","tag-materials-science","tag-soft-robotics","tag-robotics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4363"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4364,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363\/revisions\/4364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}