{"id":438,"date":"2020-02-13T13:07:43","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T13:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=438"},"modified":"2020-02-13T13:07:43","modified_gmt":"2020-02-13T13:07:43","slug":"returning-farmland-to-the-wild-to-help-bumblebees-in-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology-and-conservation\/returning-farmland-to-the-wild-to-help-bumblebees-in-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda pro divokou p\u0159\u00edrodu: Z\u00e1chrana pro ohro\u017een\u00e9 \u010dmel\u00e1ky?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u016f\u017ee vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pomoci \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016fm v krizi?<\/h2>\n\n

Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u00fabytek \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

\u010cmel\u00e1ci, milovan\u00e1 znamen\u00ed l\u00e9ta a inteligentn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 hmyz\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, \u010del\u00ed rychl\u00e9mu \u00fabytku. Jejich p\u0159irozen\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm jsou kv\u011btnat\u00e9 louky, ale ty miz\u00ed alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm tempem a nahrazuj\u00ed je zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 monokultury bez kv\u011bt\u016f. Tato zm\u011bna zp\u016fsobila krizi pro \u010dmel\u00e1ky, proto\u017ee spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na tyto rozmanit\u00e9 kv\u011btinov\u00e9 zdroje pro potravu a hn\u00edzdn\u00ed m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n\n

V Evrop\u011b, Severn\u00ed Americe a dokonce i Japonsku za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1ci v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 poklesy populac\u00ed. \u010cmel\u00e1k Franklin\u016fv, kter\u00fd se kdysi vyskytoval v Oregonu a Kalifornii, je nyn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vyhynul\u00e9ho. Krize \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f je \u010dasto spojov\u00e1na se syndromem zhroucen\u00ed koloni\u00ed, co\u017e je zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed vymizen\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fdch komer\u010dn\u00edch v\u010del medonosn\u00fdch. V\u00fdzkumy v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee neonikotinoidn\u00ed insekticidy, o kter\u00fdch je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee \u0161kod\u00ed v\u010del\u00e1m medonosn\u00fdm, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu i pro divok\u00e9 v\u010dely, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Role zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy p\u0159i zotavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee i mal\u00e9 procento sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy by mohlo m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na populace \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f, pokud by bylo p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bno zp\u011bt na divok\u00e9 louky. Divok\u00e9 louky poskytuj\u00ed bohat\u00fd zdroj nektaru a pylu, kter\u00e9 jsou pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f nezbytn\u00e9. Nab\u00edzej\u00ed tak\u00e9 hn\u00edzdn\u00ed m\u00edsta a ochranu p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n\n

Ve Francii ukazuje poln\u00ed studie v\u00fdhody p\u0159em\u011bny zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy na divok\u00e9 louky pro \u010dmel\u00e1ky. Pole, kter\u00e9 bylo kdysi p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00fdm polem, bylo obnoveno na bujnou louku plnou hmyz\u00edho \u017eivota. Bylo zaznamen\u00e1no p\u0159es 100 nov\u00fdch druh\u016f kv\u011btin, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed rozmanitost hmyzu, v\u010detn\u011b 16 druh\u016f \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Obnoven\u00ed kv\u011btinov\u00e9 rozmanitosti na b\u00fdval\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Obnoven\u00ed kv\u011btinov\u00e9 rozmanitosti na b\u00fdval\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b nen\u00ed snadn\u00fd \u00fakol. Vysok\u00e1 \u00farodnost p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 je v\u00fdsledkem d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hnojiv, podporuje hrub\u00e9 tr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 vytla\u010duj\u00ed kv\u011btiny. Aby zem\u011bd\u011blci p\u0159ekonali tuto v\u00fdzvu, mohou pravideln\u011b sekat seno, co\u017e vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u016fdu o \u017eiviny a umo\u017e\u0148uje kv\u011btin\u00e1m regenerovat se ze semen v p\u016fd\u011b nebo ze semen p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch v\u011btrem nebo pt\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdhody divok\u00fdch luk pro opylova\u010de<\/h2>\n\n

Divok\u00e9 louky prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed nejen \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016fm, ale podporuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch opylova\u010d\u016f, jako jsou v\u010dely medonosn\u00e9, mot\u00fdli a pest\u0159enky. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee v\u00fdnosy plodin jsou spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e je pobl\u00ed\u017e nedot\u010den\u00fd biotop, kter\u00fd poskytuje zdroj opylova\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 hodnota opylov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010del<\/h2>\n\n

V\u010dely hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v opylov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin a poskytuj\u00ed celosv\u011btovou slu\u017ebu v hodnot\u011b p\u0159es 200 miliard dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Bez v\u010del by se mnoh\u00e9 z na\u0161eho ovoce, zeleniny a dal\u0161\u00edch plodin nemohly rozmno\u017eovat.<\/p>\n\n

Ochrana opylova\u010d\u016f pro v\u00fdnosy plodin<\/h2>\n\n

Abychom zajistili trvalou dostupnost opylova\u010d\u016f, je nezbytn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit a obnovovat jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. P\u0159em\u011bnou \u010d\u00e1sti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy na divok\u00e9 louky m\u016f\u017eeme vytvo\u0159it udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jak pro \u010dmel\u00e1ky, tak pro v\u00fdnosy plodin.<\/p>\n\n

Pot\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit opylova\u010de pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed lidstva<\/h2>\n\n

Na\u0161e p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed je \u00fazce spjato s osudem hmyzu a dal\u0161\u00edch opylova\u010d\u016f. Jsou nezbytn\u00ed pro udr\u017een\u00ed na\u0161ich potravinov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, recyklaci \u017eivin a kontrolu \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f. T\u00edm, \u017ee chr\u00e1n\u00edme opylova\u010de, investujeme do na\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u016f\u017ee vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pomoci \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016fm v krizi? Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u00fabytek \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f \u010cmel\u00e1ci, milovan\u00e1 znamen\u00ed l\u00e9ta a inteligentn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 hmyz\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, \u010del\u00ed rychl\u00e9mu \u00fabytku. Jejich p\u0159irozen\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1142],"tags":[1138,219,1139,401,1141,1140],"class_list":["post-438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology-and-conservation","tag-bumblebees","tag-ecology","tag-farmland","tag-conservation","tag-pollinators","tag-wild-meadows"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=438"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":439,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438\/revisions\/439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}