{"id":4383,"date":"2021-03-13T10:13:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-13T10:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4383"},"modified":"2021-03-13T10:13:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-13T10:13:34","slug":"female-chimps-lead-the-hunt-with-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-behavior\/female-chimps-lead-the-hunt-with-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160impanzi: Samice ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje vedou lov"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160impanzi: Samice ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje vedou lov<\/h2>\n\n

Samice \u0161impanz\u016f projevuj\u00ed loveckou zdatnost<\/h2>\n\n

V \u0159\u00ed\u0161i \u0161impanz\u016f se samice uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt zdatn\u00fdmi lovci a v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f p\u0159ekonaly sv\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky samce. P\u0159elomov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v Royal Society Open Science odhalila, \u017ee samice \u0161impanz\u016f z Fongoli jsou prim\u00e1rn\u00edmi nositelkami o\u0161t\u011bp\u016f ve sv\u00e9 komunit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160impanzi z Fongoli: pr\u016fkopn\u00edci v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

\u0160impanzi z Fongoli z\u00edskali uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 2007 za svou mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost vyr\u00e1b\u011bt a pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1stroje k lovu obratlovc\u016f. Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u0159\u00edve vyhrazen\u00e9 pouze lidem, je odli\u0161uje v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Od t\u00e9 doby v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nad\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed spole\u010denskou a loveckou dynamiku t\u00e9to jedine\u010dn\u00e9 komunity prim\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\u017densk\u00e1 vynal\u00e9zavost: v\u00fdroba o\u0161t\u011bp\u016f a lov<\/h2>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee samice \u0161impanz\u016f z Fongoli se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed o\u0161t\u011bp\u016f z v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 %. Hlavn\u00ed autorka Jill Pruetzov\u00e1 spekuluje, \u017ee tyto samice mohly b\u00fdt p\u016fvodn\u00edmi vyn\u00e1lezci o\u0161t\u011bpu. V mnoha druz\u00edch prim\u00e1t\u016f jsou samice zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou inovativn\u00ed povahou a \u010dast\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Mozky m\u00edsto sval\u016f: loveck\u00e9 strategie samic<\/h2>\n\n

Pot\u0159eba kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed p\u0159i lovu mohla v\u00e9st samice \u0161impanz\u016f k rozvoji t\u011bchto dovednost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f. S men\u0161\u00ed fyzickou silou a \u010dasto zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 ml\u00e1\u010faty se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na svou inteligenci, aby si zajistily dostatek potravy.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdroba o\u0161t\u011bp\u016f: kooperativn\u00ed proces<\/h2>\n\n

O\u0161t\u011bpy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 \u0161impanzi z Fongoli jsou pe\u010dliv\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bny z v\u011btv\u00ed strom\u016f. Proces zahrnuje odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech postrann\u00edch v\u011btv\u00ed a list\u016f a tak\u00e9 o\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed hrotu zuby. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj se st\u00e1v\u00e1 impozantn\u00ed zbran\u00ed k nap\u00edchnut\u00ed jejich preferovan\u00e9 ko\u0159isti, sp\u00edc\u00edho galaga.<\/p>\n\n

Loveck\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch: t\u00fdmov\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu studie zaznamenali v\u011bdci 308 loveck\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed s o\u0161t\u011bpy. Zat\u00edmco samice jsou prim\u00e1rn\u00edmi u\u017eivatelkami o\u0161t\u011bp\u016f, samci st\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k loveck\u00e9mu \u00fasp\u011bchu komunity a tvo\u0159\u00ed 70 % celkov\u00fdch \u00falovk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Podpora samc\u016f: kooperativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup<\/h2>\n\n

Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch tlup \u0161impanz\u016f, kde dominantn\u00ed samci \u010dasto kradou pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm, samci ve Fongoli vykazuj\u00ed pozoruhodnou \u00farove\u0148 spolupr\u00e1ce. Podporuj\u00ed samice a mlad\u0161\u00ed samce t\u00edm, \u017ee jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed si ponechat jejich vlastn\u00ed \u00falovky.<\/p>\n\n

Evolu\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fsledky: sd\u00edlen\u00ed loveck\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee loveck\u00e1 technika \u0161impanz\u016f z Fongoli mohla poch\u00e1zet ze spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka \u010dlov\u011bka a \u0161impanze. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ran\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohli pou\u017e\u00edvat podobn\u00e9 loveck\u00e9 strategie.<\/p>\n\n

Zdvo\u0159ilost a ryt\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed: n\u00e1znak lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159irozenosti<\/h2>\n\n

Tato studie nejen zd\u016fraz\u0148uje loveck\u00e9 schopnosti samic, ale tak\u00e9 poskytuje poznatky o p\u016fvodu zdvo\u0159ilosti. Podporuj\u00edc\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed dominantn\u00edch samc\u016f ve Fongoli m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00eddnout vod\u00edtka o v\u00fdvoji zdvo\u0159il\u00e9ho a ohledupln\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed u lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160impanzi: okno do na\u0161\u00ed minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti<\/h2>\n\n

Studium \u0161impanz\u016f z Fongoli nab\u00edz\u00ed cenn\u00e9 okno do spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a loveck\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch prim\u00e1t\u016f. Jejich schopnost pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1stroje, kooperativn\u00ed loveck\u00e9 strategie a dokonce n\u00e1znaky ryt\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed pohled na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed a behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnosti \u0161impanz\u016f i lid\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160impanzi: Samice ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje vedou lov Samice \u0161impanz\u016f projevuj\u00ed loveckou zdatnost V \u0159\u00ed\u0161i \u0161impanz\u016f se samice uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt zdatn\u00fdmi lovci a v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f p\u0159ekonaly sv\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky samce. P\u0159elomov\u00e1 studie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[2218,2750,1590,1591,1038],"class_list":["post-4383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-hunting","tag-female-empowerment","tag-tool-use","tag-primatology","tag-chimpanzees"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4383"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4384,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4383\/revisions\/4384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}