{"id":4391,"date":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4391"},"modified":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","slug":"history-of-muslim-bans-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/history-of-muslim-bans-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Muslimov\u00e9, kter\u00fdm byl zak\u00e1z\u00e1n vstup do Ameriky: Historie diskriminace"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Muslimov\u00e9 zak\u00e1z\u00e1ni v Americe: Historie diskriminace<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ran\u00e9 obavy a omezen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ve 16. stolet\u00ed m\u011bly \u0160pan\u011blsko a Anglie obavy, \u017ee afri\u010dt\u00ed otroci s muslimsk\u00fdm vyzn\u00e1n\u00edm maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sklony ke vzpour\u00e1m. To vedlo k tomu, \u017ee \u0160pan\u011blsko vylou\u010dilo &#8220;otroky podez\u0159el\u00e9 z isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch sklon\u016f&#8221; z Ameriky po otrock\u00e9m povst\u00e1n\u00ed na Hispaniole v roce 1522.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159es tento z\u00e1kaz na\u0161li \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed a muslim\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci zp\u016fsoby, jak vstoupit do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, \u010dasto prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u00faplatk\u016f nebo pad\u011blan\u00fdch dokument\u016f. Obchodn\u00edci s otroky tak\u00e9 \u010dasto ignorovali tento p\u0159\u00edkaz, proto\u017ee muslim\u0161t\u00ed otroci byli \u010dasto gramotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e je \u010dinilo cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cartagena a anglick\u00e9 zajet\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cartagena, strategick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav v dne\u0161n\u00ed Kolumbii, m\u011bla v\u00fdznamnou muslimskou otrockou populaci, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed byli neleg\u00e1ln\u011b transportov\u00e1ni. V roce 1586 dobyl anglick\u00fd korz\u00e1r Sir Francis Drake Cartagenu a na\u0159\u00eddil sv\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm, aby se k muslim\u016fm chovali s \u00factou. Mnoho muslim\u016f dezertovalo do Drakeovy flotily v nad\u011bji na svobodu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roanoke Island a ztracen\u00ed osadn\u00edci<\/h2>\n\n<p>Drake m\u011bl v \u00famyslu pos\u00edlit anglickou osadu na Roanoke Island otroky, kter\u00e9 zajal v Cartagin\u011b. Hurik\u00e1n v\u0161ak rozpt\u00fdlil Drakeovu flotilu a kolonist\u00e9 opustili Roanoke. Osud muslimsk\u00fdch otrok\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jamestown a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd k\u0159est<\/h2>\n\n<p>Osada Jamestown n\u00e1sledovala podobnou politiku jako \u0160pan\u011blsko a vy\u017eadovala k\u0159est pro vstup do zem\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b zotro\u010den\u00fdch Afri\u010dan\u016f. V roce 1682 Virginie za\u0161la je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le a automaticky pova\u017eovala nek\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 Afri\u010dany za otroky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Povst\u00e1n\u00ed otrok\u016f a skute\u010dn\u00e1 hrozba<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es \u00fasil\u00ed o potla\u010den\u00ed &#8220;isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch sklon\u016f&#8221; pokra\u010dovala povst\u00e1n\u00ed otrok\u016f ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 i britsk\u00e9 Americe. Povst\u00e1n\u00ed otrok\u016f na Haiti bylo vyvol\u00e1no pok\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u011bl\u00fdmi Afri\u010dany, zat\u00edmco Nat Turnerovo povst\u00e1n\u00ed ve Virginii bylo podn\u011bcov\u00e1no vid\u011bn\u00edmi Krista.<\/p>\n\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 hrozba pro m\u00edr a bezpe\u010dnost v\u0161ak nespo\u010d\u00edvala ve v\u00ed\u0159e p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f, ale v samotn\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu otroctv\u00ed a k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ho ospravedl\u0148ovalo. Nespravedlnost a nelidsk\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed, kter\u00fdm byli otroci vystaveni bez ohledu na jejich n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, byly z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nepokoj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed pokryt\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov s dlouh\u00fdm \u0445\u0432\u043estem:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Osmansk\u00fd a severoafri\u010dt\u00ed zajatci:<\/strong> Tito otroci byli \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ni jako vesla\u0159i nebo pro pod\u0159adn\u00e9 \u00fakoly v Karibiku a \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virginia Dare:<\/strong> Prvn\u00ed anglick\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b narozen\u00e9 v Americe bylo opu\u0161t\u011bno na Roanoke Island spolu s ostatn\u00edmi uprchl\u00edky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ztracen\u00ed kolonist\u00e9:<\/strong> Druh\u00e1 vlna anglick\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f na Roanoke se nezm\u00ednila o setk\u00e1n\u00ed s cartaginsk\u00fdmi zajatci, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se mo\u017en\u00e1 rozpt\u00fdlili mezi domorodou americkou populaci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uprchl\u00ed otroci v Panam\u011b:<\/strong> Tito otroci zalo\u017eili vlastn\u00ed komunity a vedli partyz\u00e1nskou v\u00e1lku proti \u0160pan\u011blsku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Muslimov\u00e9 zak\u00e1z\u00e1ni v Americe: Historie diskriminace Ran\u00e9 obavy a omezen\u00ed Ve 16. stolet\u00ed m\u011bly \u0160pan\u011blsko a Anglie obavy, \u017ee afri\u010dt\u00ed otroci s muslimsk\u00fdm vyzn\u00e1n\u00edm maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sklony ke vzpour\u00e1m. To&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4436,4513,27,7984,7985,765],"class_list":["post-4391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-america","tag-discrimination","tag-history","tag-muslim-ban","tag-religious-persecution","tag-slavery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4391"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4392,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391\/revisions\/4392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}