{"id":4432,"date":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","date_gmt":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4432"},"modified":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-22T05:51:09","slug":"forgotten-explorer-andre-michaux-american-wilderness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/exploration\/forgotten-explorer-andre-michaux-american-wilderness\/","title":{"rendered":"Andr\u00e9 Michaux: Zapomenut\u00fd cestovatel americkou divo\u010dinou"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Andr\u00e9 Michaux: Zapomenut\u00fd cestovatel americkou divo\u010dinou<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cesta francouzsk\u00e9ho botanika na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Andr\u00e9 Michaux, francouzsk\u00fd botanik, p\u0159edstavil u\u010den\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti filozof\u016f ve Philadelphii odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd pl\u00e1n: prozkoumat rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a neprob\u00e1dan\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u011b od \u0159eky Mississippi. Michaux se nechal inspirovat Thomasovou Jeffersonovou viz\u00ed &#8220;\u0159\u00ed\u0161e svobody&#8221; t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se od jednoho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed k druh\u00e9mu a vydal se na nebezpe\u010dnou cestu, kter\u00e1 nav\u017edy zm\u011bnila b\u011bh americk\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jeffersonova tajn\u00e1 diplomacie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jefferson, kter\u00fd v tajnosti choval ambice roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it americk\u00fd vliv do \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 Louisiany, vid\u011bl v Michauxov\u011b expedici p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, jak zas\u00edt sem\u00ednka povst\u00e1n\u00ed proti \u0160pan\u011blsku. Po\u017e\u00e1dal o pomoc Edmonda-Charlese Gen\u00eata, ok\u00e1zal\u00e9ho francouzsk\u00e9ho vyslance, kter\u00fd Michauxe naverboval do spiknut\u00ed s c\u00edlem postavit \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9 vojsko proti \u0160pan\u011blsku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gen\u00eatova af\u00e9ra<\/h2>\n\n<p>Michauxovo zapojen\u00ed do Gen\u00eatovy af\u00e9ry se nakonec uk\u00e1zalo jako jeho p\u00e1d. Kdy\u017e nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Franci\u00ed eskalovalo, Jefferson ve\u0159ejn\u011b Gen\u00eata odsoudil, zat\u00edmco v tajnosti nad\u00e1le podporoval jeho pl\u00e1ny. Michaux se ocitl chycen\u00fd v k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 palb\u011b uprost\u0159ed s\u00edt\u011b politick\u00fdch intrik a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cesta do Kentucky<\/h2>\n\n<p>V \u010dervenci 1793 se Michaux vydal do Kentucky a vezl Jefferson\u016fv doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopis gener\u00e1lovi Georgovi Rogersovi Clarkovi. Ke sv\u00e9mu zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ak zjistil, \u017ee Clark o spiknut\u00ed nic nev\u00ed a v\u00e1h\u00e1 s podporou expedice. Michaux\u016fv sen o dosa\u017een\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu se zd\u00e1l b\u00fdt v nedohlednu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grandfather Mountain<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zklaman\u00fd, ale ne pora\u017een\u00fd se Michaux vydal na \u0159adu botanick\u00fdch expedic do Apala\u010dsk\u00fdch hor. V srpnu 1794 se stal prvn\u00edm pr\u016fzkumn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd vystoupil na horu Grandfather Mountain v Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b. Stoje na jej\u00edm v\u011btrn\u00e9m vrcholu vyznal svou l\u00e1sku k Americe i Francii, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o jeho neochv\u011bjn\u00e9m idealismu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odkaz pr\u016fkopn\u00edka<\/h2>\n\n<p>Navzdory ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm Gen\u00eatovou af\u00e9rou byl Michaux\u016fv p\u0159\u00ednos americk\u00e9 botanice z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Objevil a popsal nespo\u010det nov\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin, v\u010detn\u011b tulip\u00e1novn\u00edku, magn\u00f3lie velkolist\u00e9 a lomikamene Michauxovy. Jeho z\u00e1pisn\u00edky a den\u00edky poskytuj\u00ed neoceniteln\u00e9 poznatky o ekologii a biodiverzit\u011b americk\u00e9 divo\u010diny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Expedice na Madagaskar<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1802, ve v\u011bku 54 let, se Michaux vydal na svou posledn\u00ed v\u00fdpravu na vzd\u00e1len\u00fd ostrov Madagaskar. Jeho nad\u011bje na objeven\u00ed exotick\u00e9 rostliny vzaly za sv\u00e9, kdy\u017e onemocn\u011bl hore\u010dkou a v \u0159\u00edjnu 1802 zem\u0159el.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zapomenut\u00fd pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk<\/h2>\n\n<p>Michaux\u016fv odkaz jako pr\u016fzkumn\u00edka a v\u011bdce byl po stalet\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zapomenut. Teprve v posledn\u00edch letech za\u010dali v\u011bdci znovu oce\u0148ovat jeho p\u0159\u00ednos k americk\u00e9 historii a botanice. Dnes jeho jm\u00e9no \u017eije d\u00e1l prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mnoha rostlin, kter\u00e9 nesou jeho jm\u00e9no, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o jeho trval\u00e9m dopadu na americkou krajinu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed dlouh\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Motivace francouzsk\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk\u016f v Americe<\/li>\n<li>Role v\u011bdy p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed politick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdzvy a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed botanick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu<\/li>\n<li>Vliv historick\u00fdch spor\u016f na v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdznam uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andr\u00e9 Michaux: Zapomenut\u00fd cestovatel americkou divo\u010dinou Cesta francouzsk\u00e9ho botanika na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Andr\u00e9 Michaux, francouzsk\u00fd botanik, p\u0159edstavil u\u010den\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti filozof\u016f ve Philadelphii odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd pl\u00e1n: prozkoumat rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a neprob\u00e1dan\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2670],"tags":[8046,8045,8047,1797,8048,8050,8051,8053,252,7342,564,8054,8057,8055,2066,8056,99,97,8049,8052],"class_list":["post-4432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","tag-american-botany","tag-andra-michaux","tag-botanical-exploration","tag-history-of-science","tag-french-botanist","tag-grandfather-mountain","tag-jeffersons-vision","tag-pacific-northwest","tag-nature","tag-naturalist","tag-exploration","tag-pioneer-of-science","tag-wilderness-exploration","tag-plant-discovery","tag-thomas-jefferson","tag-trans-mississippi-west","tag-lifescienceart","tag-science","tag-genet-affair","tag-lost-explorers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4433,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4432\/revisions\/4433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}