{"id":4436,"date":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4436"},"modified":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","slug":"tobacco-in-mesoamerican-rituals-new-discoveries-from-ancient-vases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/tobacco-in-mesoamerican-rituals-new-discoveries-from-ancient-vases\/","title":{"rendered":"Tab\u00e1k v mezoamerick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech: Nov\u00e9 objevy na starov\u011bk\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tab\u00e1k v mezoamerick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech: Nov\u00e9 objevy na starov\u011bk\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>V pr\u016flomov\u00e9m objevu nalezli v\u011bdci v Guatemale d\u016fkazy o u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku v Mezoamerice, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed 1000 let do minulosti. B\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek na starobyl\u00e9m nalezi\u0161ti Cotzumalhuapa analyzovali vzorky ze sedmi keramick\u00fdch v\u00e1z a ve t\u0159ech z nich nalezli zbytky nikotinu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tento objev je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, proto\u017ee poskytuje nejstar\u0161\u00ed fyzick\u00fd d\u016fkaz tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f v regionu. D\u0159\u00edve se v\u011bdci spol\u00e9hali na historick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a vyobrazen\u00ed v um\u011bn\u00ed, aby vyvodili z\u00e1v\u011bry o u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku, ale archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy byly vz\u00e1cn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed a l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed tab\u00e1ku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Tab\u00e1k m\u00e1 v Mezoamerice dlouhou historii ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho a l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Ran\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 praktiky dokumentuj\u00ed jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i ob\u0159adech, jako ob\u011bti boh\u016fm a pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee tekutiny s obsahem nikotinu nalezen\u00e9 ve v\u00e1z\u00e1ch mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k navozen\u00ed hlubok\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku, viz\u00ed a v\u011b\u0161teck\u00fdch trans\u016f. Tato forma konzumace byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyhrazena pro specifick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly a mohla b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za siln\u00e9 narkotikum.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Konzumace tab\u00e1ku v Cotzumalhuap\u011b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Objev zbytk\u016f tab\u00e1ku v Cotzumalhuap\u011b vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praktiky tohoto starobyl\u00e9ho m\u011bsta. Cotzumalhuapa le\u017e\u00ed na tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Guatemaly a v archeologick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu byla dlouho opom\u00edjena.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich n\u00e1lezy podn\u00edt\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed role tab\u00e1ku v kulturn\u00edch praktik\u00e1ch Cotzumalhuapy. Domn\u00edvaj\u00ed se, \u017ee anal\u00fdza dal\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch vzork\u016f a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ikonografick\u00fdch vyobrazen\u00ed tab\u00e1ku m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed jeho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Historick\u00fd kontext u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku v Mezoamerice p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed evropsk\u00e9mu kontaktu. V 16. stolet\u00ed se stalo ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota a bylo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no p\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00edch, ob\u0159adech a jako tr\u00e1vic\u00ed prost\u0159edek po j\u00eddle.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kou\u0159en\u00ed bylo nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou konzumace tab\u00e1ku, ale byly zaznamen\u00e1ny i tekut\u00e9 formy. Nikotin, n\u00e1vykov\u00e1 l\u00e1tka v tab\u00e1ku, je toxick\u00fd p\u0159i peror\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u017eit\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tato forma konzumace mohla b\u00fdt omezena na specifick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u016fsledky pro pochopen\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 Mezoameriky<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Objev u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku v Cotzumalhuap\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b kulturn\u00edch a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch praktik starov\u011bk\u00fdch May\u016f. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu pro odhalen\u00ed skryt\u00fdch aspekt\u016f mezoamerick\u00e9 historie.<\/p>\n\n<p>Anal\u00fdzou archeologick\u00fdch vzork\u016f a studiem historick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat poznatky o v\u00ed\u0159e, ritu\u00e1lech a ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b t\u011bchto starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed. Tyto znalosti p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k hlub\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed bohat\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed Mezoameriky a jeho trval\u00e9ho odkazu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tab\u00e1k v mezoamerick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech: Nov\u00e9 objevy na starov\u011bk\u00fdch v\u00e1z\u00e1ch Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku V pr\u016flomov\u00e9m objevu nalezli v\u011bdci v Guatemale d\u016fkazy o u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku v Mezoamerice, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed 1000 let&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,89,4952,1727,1643,8065],"class_list":["post-4436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-mesoamerica","tag-rituals","tag-ancient-history","tag-tobacco"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4437,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436\/revisions\/4437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}