Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie je nov\u00e1 technologie, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et zv\u011bt\u0161ovateln\u00e9 sn\u00edmky biologick\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni. Kombinuje tis\u00edce jednotliv\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f elektronov\u00e9ho mikroskopu a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak souvisl\u00fd a interaktivn\u00ed celek. To umo\u017e\u0148uje pozorovatel\u016fm zkoumat strukturu tk\u00e1n\u011b v bezprecedentn\u00edch detailech, od pohledu na \u00farovni tk\u00e1n\u011b a\u017e po vnit\u0159ek jednotliv\u00fdch bun\u011bk.<\/p>\n\n
Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00edm tis\u00edc\u016f m\u00edrn\u011b se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f pomoc\u00ed elektronov\u00e9ho mikroskopu. Tyto sn\u00edmky jsou pot\u00e9 spojeny dohromady pomoc\u00ed automatizovan\u00e9ho softwarov\u00e9ho programu. Program pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metadata o orientaci jednotliv\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f a algoritmus, kter\u00fd porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 rysy na ka\u017ed\u00e9m sn\u00edmku, aby p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dil, kam by m\u011bly b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdsledn\u00fd sn\u00edmek je obrovsk\u00fd soubor, kter\u00fd lze p\u0159ibli\u017eovat a oddalovat, aby odhalil r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b detail\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad sn\u00edmek embrya zebry zobrazen\u00fd v \u010dl\u00e1nku se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z v\u00edce ne\u017e 26 000 jednotliv\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed celkem 281 gigapixel\u016f. To umo\u017e\u0148uje pozorovatel\u016fm pohybovat se od odd\u00e1len\u00e9ho sn\u00edmku cel\u00e9ho embrya k detailn\u00edmu pohledu na struktury, jako je j\u00e1dro, v r\u00e1mci konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed bu\u0148ky.<\/p>\n\n
Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie nab\u00edz\u00ed oproti tradi\u010dn\u00ed elektronov\u00e9 mikroskopii n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod. Zaprv\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm vytvo\u0159it kompletn\u00ed 3D pohled na vzorek tk\u00e1n\u011b. To je na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00ed elektronov\u00e9 mikroskopie, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee zachytit pouze 2D sn\u00edmky mal\u00fdch oblast\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Zadruh\u00e9, virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm zkoumat vzorky tk\u00e1n\u011b nedestruktivn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed elektronov\u00e1 mikroskopie vy\u017eaduje, aby byly vzorky konzervov\u00e1ny zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit jejich strukturu. Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie naopak nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u0159\u00edpravu vzorku, tak\u017ee ji lze pou\u017e\u00edt ke studiu \u017eiv\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u0159et\u00ed je virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed elektronov\u00e1 mikroskopie. Nasn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho sn\u00edmku elektronov\u00e9ho mikroskopu m\u016f\u017ee trvat hodiny nebo dokonce dny. Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopii lze naopak pou\u017e\u00edt k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kompletn\u00edho 3D sn\u00edmku vzorku tk\u00e1n\u011b b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut.<\/p>\n\n
Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie m\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu vyu\u017eit\u00ed v biologick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu. Lze ji pou\u017e\u00edt ke studiu struktury bun\u011bk, tk\u00e1n\u00ed a org\u00e1n\u016f. Lze ji tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje embry\u00ed a k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f l\u00e9k\u016f a toxin\u016f na bu\u0148ky.<\/p>\n\n
V \u010dl\u00e1nku v\u011bdci pou\u017eili virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopii k anal\u00fdze embrya zebry, lidsk\u00e9 ko\u017en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, embrya my\u0161i a ledvinov\u00fdch bun\u011bk my\u0161i. Zjistili, \u017ee virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k identifikaci nov\u00fdch struktur v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch a ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu bun\u011bk v \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n
Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie je v\u00fdkonn\u00fd nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd revolucionuje zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm v\u011bdci studuj\u00ed biologickou tk\u00e1\u0148. Nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod oproti tradi\u010dn\u00ed elektronov\u00e9 mikroskopii, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017enosti vytv\u00e1\u0159et kompletn\u00ed 3D sn\u00edmky vzork\u016f tk\u00e1n\u011b, zkoumat vzorky tk\u00e1n\u011b nedestruktivn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a d\u011blat to mnohem rychleji ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed elektronov\u00e1 mikroskopie. V d\u016fsledku toho se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie bude hr\u00e1t v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech v\u00fdznamnou roli v biologick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie: zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed biologick\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni Co je virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie? Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed nanoskopie je nov\u00e1 technologie, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et zv\u011bt\u0161ovateln\u00e9 sn\u00edmky biologick\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni. Kombinuje tis\u00edce…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4878],"tags":[8083,8082,8081,9,97,8080],"class_list":["post-4444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-microscopy","tag-biological-tissue","tag-cellular-imaging","tag-electron-microscopy","tag-art","tag-science","tag-virtual-nanoscopy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4444"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4445,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4444\/revisions\/4445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}