{"id":4450,"date":"2024-05-05T20:27:48","date_gmt":"2024-05-05T20:27:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4450"},"modified":"2024-05-05T20:27:48","modified_gmt":"2024-05-05T20:27:48","slug":"bsal-salamander-threat-american-scientists-prepare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/bsal-salamander-threat-american-scientists-prepare\/","title":{"rendered":"Hroz\u00edc\u00ed apokalypsa mlok\u016f: Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci ve vysok\u00e9 pohotovosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Americk\u00ed v\u011bdci ve vysok\u00e9 pohotovosti, aby zabr\u00e1nili hroz\u00edc\u00ed apokalypse mlok\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Rostouc\u00ed hrozba Bsal<\/h2>\n\n

Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci bojuj\u00ed s \u010dasem, aby se p\u0159ipravili na p\u0159\u00edchod smrt\u00edc\u00ed houby zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Bsal, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro populace mlok\u016f v Severn\u00ed Americe. Bsal, \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 houb\u011b Bd, kter\u00e1 zdevastovala populace \u017eab po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, si vzala na mu\u0161ku mloky a jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad je obrovsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Ponau\u010den\u00ed z epidemie Bd<\/h2>\n\n

V 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se objevila houba Bd a rychle se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo ni\u010divou pandemii oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f. Vzhledem k nedostatku znalost\u00ed a nep\u0159ipravenosti nebyli v\u011bdci schopni zabr\u00e1nit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci, co\u017e vedlo k vyhynut\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 druh\u016f \u017eab.<\/p>\n\n

Proaktivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti Bsal<\/h2>\n\n

Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo podobn\u00e9 katastrof\u011b, byla v roce 2015 vytvo\u0159ena N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed skupina pro Bsal. Pracovn\u00ed skupina, kterou tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci a ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody, vypracovala komplexn\u00ed 30str\u00e1nkov\u00fd nouzov\u00fd pl\u00e1n, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddit \u00fasil\u00ed o zadr\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1kazy. Pl\u00e1n nast\u00ed\u0148uje protokoly pro karant\u00e9nu, omezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup do posti\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a v\u010dasnou detekci patogenu.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00edme<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory zaveden\u00fdm proaktivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy. Bsal je vysoce virulentn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat v prost\u0159ed\u00ed bez hostitele a snadno se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby, v\u010detn\u011b brodiv\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f. Krom\u011b toho mohou n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mlok\u016f p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et Bsal, ani\u017e by vykazovaly p\u0159\u00edznaky, a funguj\u00ed tak jako rezervo\u00e1ry pro toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Identifikace n\u00e1chyln\u00fdch druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pracuj\u00ed na ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 druhy mlok\u016f jsou v\u016f\u010di Bsal nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tyto informace jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro stanoven\u00ed priorit v oblasti ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a efektivn\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f. Pochopen\u00edm citlivosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f mohou v\u011bdci zam\u011b\u0159it sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na ty, kter\u00e9 jsou nejv\u00edce ohro\u017eeny.<\/p>\n\n

Probiotick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nab\u00edz\u00ed nad\u011bji<\/h2>\n\n

Slibn\u00e1 \u0159ada v\u00fdzkum\u016f zkoum\u00e1 vyu\u017eit\u00ed probiotik v boji proti Bsal. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mlok\u016f maj\u00ed p\u0159irozenou imunitu v\u016f\u010di chytridiomyk\u00f3ze, co\u017e je houbov\u00e1 choroba, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje i Bsal. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tato imunita m\u016f\u017ee souviset s prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdmi bakteriemi na k\u016f\u017ei oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f. Identifikace t\u011bchto bakteri\u00ed by mohla v\u00e9st k v\u00fdvoji \u201eprobiotick\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b\u201c na ochranu mlok\u016f p\u0159ed touto houbou.<\/p>\n\n

Dozor a zapojen\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti<\/h2>\n\n

V\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro prevenci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Bsal. V\u011bdci vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost, aby hl\u00e1sila v\u0161echny podez\u0159ele vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed mloky, zejm\u00e9na v Apala\u010dsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch a v pacifick\u00e9m severoz\u00e1pad\u011b, kde je rozmanitost mlok\u016f nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation provozuje e-mailov\u00fd syst\u00e9m varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed nemocemi, kter\u00fd usnad\u0148uje hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Neust\u00e1l\u00e1 bd\u011blost<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee doposud nebyly ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech zji\u0161t\u011bny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady Bsal, v\u011bdci z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed ostra\u017eit\u00ed. Uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed si, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edchod houby je nevyhnuteln\u00fd, a jsou odhodl\u00e1ni zm\u00edrnit jej\u00ed dopad. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed skupina pro Bsal a jej\u00ed partne\u0159i nad\u00e1le sleduj\u00ed situaci, prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a vyv\u00edjej\u00ed strategie na ochranu mlok\u016f p\u0159ed touto hrozivou hrozbou.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Americk\u00ed v\u011bdci ve vysok\u00e9 pohotovosti, aby zabr\u00e1nili hroz\u00edc\u00ed apokalypse mlok\u016f Rostouc\u00ed hrozba Bsal Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci bojuj\u00ed s \u010dasem, aby se p\u0159ipravili na p\u0159\u00edchod smrt\u00edc\u00ed houby zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Bsal, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[8090,8092,254,3027,8093,8091,8094,401,3996],"class_list":["post-4450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-american-scientists","tag-chytridiomycosis","tag-wildlife","tag-epidemiology","tag-herpetology","tag-bsal-fungus","tag-salamanders","tag-conservation","tag-disease-prevention"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4451,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450\/revisions\/4451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}