{"id":4499,"date":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4499"},"modified":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","slug":"the-evolution-of-the-footballs-unique-shape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/sports-science-and-kinesiology\/the-evolution-of-the-footballs-unique-shape\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdvoj jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho tvaru fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdvoj jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho tvaru fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u016fvod \u201eprase\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee\u201c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ikonick\u00fd \u201eprase\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee\u201c americk\u00e9ho fotbalu nen\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti vyroben z k\u016f\u017ee prasete, ale z hov\u011bz\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee. P\u0159ezd\u00edvka pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze spekulac\u00ed, \u017ee ran\u00e9 fotbalov\u00e9 m\u00ed\u010de byly vyrobeny z mo\u010dov\u00fdch m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159\u016f prasat.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj tvaru fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee se fotbal vyvinul z fotbalu a ragby, v\u00fdrazn\u00fd prot\u00e1hl\u00fd sf\u00e9rick\u00fd tvar modern\u00edho fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de nebyl z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b navr\u017een. Podle Henryho Duffielda, kter\u00fd byl sv\u011bdkem ran\u00e9ho mezuniverzitn\u00edho z\u00e1pasu v roce 1869, m\u011bl b\u00fdt m\u00ed\u010d kulat\u00fd, ale kv\u016fli nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9mu nafouknut\u00ed se stal asymetrick\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vliv nahr\u00e1vky dop\u0159edu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak se fotbal spojil s hrami s kopy a b\u011bhem a pravidla se standardizovala, m\u00ed\u010d se postupn\u011b natahoval, aby vyhovoval r\u016fzn\u00fdm hern\u00edm styl\u016fm. Zaveden\u00ed nahr\u00e1vky dop\u0159edu v roce 1906 d\u00e1le ovlivnilo tvar m\u00ed\u010de, co\u017e umo\u017enilo p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nahr\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdvoj fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de ve 20. stolet\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed byl tvar fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de formalizov\u00e1n a nahr\u00e1vka dop\u0159edu se stala dominantn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hry. Ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se m\u00ed\u010d stal del\u0161\u00ed a \u0161t\u00edhlej\u0161\u00ed, aby se zlep\u0161ily mo\u017enosti nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zrozen\u00ed \u201eThe Duke\u201c<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1941 p\u0159ijala NFL ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed fotbalov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d s p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou \u201eThe Duke\u201c po Wellingtonu Marovi, jeho\u017e otec byl pojmenov\u00e1n po v\u00e9vodovi z Wellingtonu. N\u00e1zev se stal synonymem pro partnerstv\u00ed NFL se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Wilson Sporting Goods, kter\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed fotbalov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d NFL ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 let.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modern\u00ed specifikace fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby mohl b\u00fdt dnes pou\u017eit v z\u00e1pase NFL, mus\u00ed fotbalov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d spl\u0148ovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uretanov\u00fd m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159 nafouknut\u00fd na 12,5\u201313,5 liber<\/li>\n<li>Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sko\u0159epina z hn\u011bd\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee s obl\u00e1zky pro lep\u0161\u00ed \u00fachop<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9lka: 11\u201311,25 palce<\/li>\n<li>Dlouh\u00fd obvod: 28\u201328,5 palce<\/li>\n<li>Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd obvod: 21\u201321,25 palce<\/li>\n<li>Hmotnost: 14\u201315 unc\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role spole\u010dnosti Wilson Sporting Goods<\/h2>\n\n<p>Od roku 1955 je ka\u017ed\u00fd fotbalov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d NFL ru\u010dn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn v tov\u00e1rn\u011b Wilson v Ad\u011b v Ohiu. Tajn\u00fd recept spole\u010dnosti na opalov\u00e1n\u00ed optimalizuje k\u016f\u017ei pro fotbalov\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a ka\u017ed\u00fd syntetick\u00fd m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed jedna osoba.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cesta od prase\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee ke kravsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ei<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de od prase\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee ke kravsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ei odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pokrok v materi\u00e1lech a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch technik\u00e1ch. Pou\u017eit\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159\u016f d\u00e1le zlep\u0161ilo odolnost a v\u00fdkon m\u00ed\u010de.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vliv pravidel americk\u00e9ho fotbalu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie ovlivnily zm\u011bny pravidel americk\u00e9ho fotbalu design m\u00ed\u010de. Nap\u0159\u00edklad legalizace blokov\u00e1n\u00ed pod pasem v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed vedla k p\u0159ijet\u00ed ov\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho tvaru, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eila zran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost americk\u00e9ho fotbalu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak se americk\u00fd fotbal bude i nad\u00e1le vyv\u00edjet, m\u016f\u017ee se d\u00e1le zdokonalovat i design m\u00ed\u010de. Technologick\u00fd pokrok v materi\u00e1lech a v\u00fdrob\u011b by mohl v\u00e9st k nov\u00fdm inovac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, v\u00fdkon a celkov\u00fd hern\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdvoj jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho tvaru fotbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de P\u016fvod \u201eprase\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee\u201c Ikonick\u00fd \u201eprase\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee\u201c americk\u00e9ho fotbalu nen\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti vyroben z k\u016f\u017ee prasete, ale z hov\u011bz\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee. P\u0159ezd\u00edvka pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze spekulac\u00ed, \u017ee&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8175],"tags":[4027,136,4028,8170,1956,8172,8174,8173,8171],"class_list":["post-4499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sports-science-and-kinesiology","tag-american-football","tag-evolution","tag-football-history","tag-cowhide","tag-design","tag-prolate-spheroid","tag-sports-science","tag-shape","tag-pigskin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4499"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4500,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions\/4500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}