{"id":4507,"date":"2022-09-19T06:12:20","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T06:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4507"},"modified":"2022-09-19T06:12:20","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T06:12:20","slug":"mini-terracotta-army-unearthed-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/ancient-chinese-art\/mini-terracotta-army-unearthed-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da: Ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed archeologick\u00fd objev v \u010c\u00edn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Objevena miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Objev miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159i pozoruhodn\u00e9m archeologick\u00e9m objevu byla ve vesnici \u0160an-wing v \u010c\u00edn\u011b vykop\u00e1na miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Tento n\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 figurek, vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praktiky dynastie Chan. Na rozd\u00edl od ikonick\u00fdch terakotov\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159e \u010cchin \u0160’-chuang-tiho byla tato miniaturn\u00ed arm\u00e1da pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ur\u010dena pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka nebo vysoce postaven\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n

Popis figurek<\/h2>\n\n

Miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zahrnuje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu figurek, v\u010detn\u011b p\u011bchoty, j\u00edzdy, kon\u00ed, str\u00e1\u017en\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, bran, budov, s\u00fdpek, pec\u00ed a dokonce i divadeln\u00edho pavilonu. P\u011b\u0161\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou vysoc\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 28 centimetr\u016f, jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bni ve \u010dtvercov\u00e9 formaci. \u010cty\u0159icet dev\u011bt postav j\u00edzdy, ozdoben\u00fdch p\u0159ilbami, t\u011blesn\u00fdm brn\u011bn\u00edm a ramenn\u00edmi chr\u00e1ni\u010di pibo, je doprov\u00e1zeno ko\u0148mi a p\u011bti vozy. Str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dvoupatrov\u00e9 pavilony, jsou vysok\u00e9 140 centimetr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\n\n

Odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee figurky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze Z\u00e1padn\u00ed dynastie Chan, tj. z doby p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 100 lety. Toto obdob\u00ed znamenalo zm\u011bnu v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch poh\u0159ebn\u00edch ritu\u00e1lech, proto\u017ee lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti byly postupn\u011b nahrazov\u00e1ny figurkami p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edmi slu\u017eebn\u00edky, bavi\u010de, str\u00e1\u017ee a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edky. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byla vytvo\u0159ena pro hrobku, kter\u00e1 byla pozd\u011bji zni\u010dena nebo pokryta m\u011bstskou z\u00e1stavbou.<\/p>\n\n

\u00da\u010del a v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

\u00da\u010delem t\u011bchto figurek bylo poskytnout zesnul\u00e9mu spole\u010dnost a ochranu v posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch vytvo\u0159en\u00ed terakotov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy byli se zesnul\u00fdmi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi \u0161lechtici \u010dasto poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ni skute\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eebn\u00edci. V \u00e9\u0159e Chan se v\u0161ak figurky staly hum\u00e1nn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou.<\/p>\n\n

\u0158emeslo a spole\u010densk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n\n

Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy je slo\u017eit\u00e9 i p\u016fsobiv\u00e9. Figurky vykazuj\u00ed detailn\u00ed od\u011bvy, brn\u011bn\u00ed a zbran\u011b, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vysokou \u00farove\u0148 dovednost\u00ed, kterou m\u011bli \u0159emesln\u00edci Chan. Objev tak dob\u0159e zpracovan\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy rovn\u011b\u017e osv\u011btluje spole\u010denskou stratifikaci t\u00e9 doby, proto\u017ee tak n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed \u00fapravy si mohli dovolit pouze vysoce postaven\u00ed jednotlivci.<\/p>\n\n

Podobn\u00e9 objevy<\/h2>\n\n

Miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nen\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem. Podobn\u00e9 miniaturn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy byly objeveny spole\u010dn\u011b s poh\u0159by c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f, vysok\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch ministr\u016f a princ\u016f ze stejn\u00e9 \u00e9ry. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee zvyk vytv\u00e1\u0159et terakotov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jako str\u00e1\u017ece hrobek byl mezi elitou dynastie Chan roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Objev miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o poh\u0159ebn\u00edch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch a spole\u010densk\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny. Demonstruje d\u016fle\u017eitost poskytnut\u00ed zesnul\u00e9mu spole\u010dnosti a ochrany v posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuje pozoruhodn\u00e9 \u0159emesln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f Chan. Jak v\u00fdzkum pokra\u010duje, m\u016f\u017ee tato miniaturn\u00ed arm\u00e1da vrhnout dal\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btlo na \u017eivot a ritu\u00e1ly elity dynastie Chan.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objevena miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v \u010c\u00edn\u011b Objev miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy P\u0159i pozoruhodn\u00e9m archeologick\u00e9m objevu byla ve vesnici \u0160an-wing v \u010c\u00edn\u011b vykop\u00e1na miniaturn\u00ed terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Tento n\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8185],"tags":[88,8184,8183,8182,849],"class_list":["post-4507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ancient-chinese-art","tag-archaeology","tag-chinese-history","tag-han-dynasty","tag-mini-terracotta-army","tag-funerary-practices"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4507"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4508,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4507\/revisions\/4508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}