{"id":4552,"date":"2024-07-16T03:10:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T03:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4552"},"modified":"2024-07-16T03:10:30","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T03:10:30","slug":"ancient-mexico-archaeological-treasures-and-cultural-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/ancient-mexico-archaeological-treasures-and-cultural-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexick\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace: Cesta \u010dasem a prostorem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mexiko: Cesta starov\u011bk\u00fdmi civilizacemi<\/h2>\n\n

Historick\u00fd a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Mexiko je zem\u011b bohat\u00e1 na historii a kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, proto\u017ee byla domovem n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edch starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed sv\u011bta. Od Olm\u00e9k\u016f a\u017e po Azt\u00e9ky, tyto civilizace zanechaly trvalou stopu v zemi a formovaly jej\u00ed tradice, v\u00edru a architekturu. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva starov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u011bst a chr\u00e1m\u016f v Mexiku nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled na pozoruhodn\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy t\u011bchto p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kultur.<\/p>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 poklady<\/h2>\n\n

Mexiko se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit p\u016fsobiv\u00fdmi 37 266 archeologick\u00fdmi nalezi\u0161ti, z nich\u017e 174 je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch ve\u0159ejnosti. Tato nalezi\u0161t\u011b poskytuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed o historick\u00e9m a kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdvoji starov\u011bk\u00fdch mexick\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed. Vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed turistick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed na t\u011bchto nalezi\u0161t\u00edch zlep\u0161uje z\u00e1\u017eitek n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f a usnad\u0148uje sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s fascinuj\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, kter\u00e9 v sob\u011b ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

M\u011bsto Mexiko a st\u0159edn\u00ed Mexiko<\/h2>\n\n

Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 ruiny: Templo Mayor a Cuicuilco<\/h2>\n\n

Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 ruiny Templo Mayor, situovan\u00e9 v srdci Mexico City, stoj\u00ed jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o velikosti Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci mohou prozkoumat poz\u016fstatky tohoto starov\u011bk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mov\u00e9ho komplexu, kter\u00fd byl kdysi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm a politick\u00fdm centrem Tenochtitl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

Hned ji\u017en\u011b od Mexico City le\u017e\u00ed Cuicuilco, domov velk\u00e9 kulat\u00e9 pyramidy, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 000 lety poh\u0159bena sope\u010dnou erupc\u00ed. Toto tajemn\u00e9 m\u00edsto nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled do nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mexick\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Teotihuac\u00e1n: Ob\u0159adn\u00ed centrum Mezoameriky<\/h2>\n\n

Nedaleko Mexico City byl Teotihuac\u00e1n nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ob\u0159adn\u00edm centrem v Mezoamerice. Zde mohou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci obdivovat ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se pyramidy Slunce a M\u011bs\u00edce, stejn\u011b jako Calzada de los Muertos, velkolepou t\u0159\u00eddu, kter\u00e1 spojovala hlavn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 struktury.<\/p>\n\n

Tolt\u00e9ck\u00e9 ruiny: Tula<\/h2>\n\n

Ve st\u00e1t\u011b Hidalgo je Tula domovem p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch tolt\u00e9ck\u00fdch ruin, v\u010detn\u011b slavn\u00fdch 4 metry vysok\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch soch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako Atlanteov\u00e9. Tyto majest\u00e1tn\u00ed postavy nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled do um\u011bleck\u00e9 a architektonick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti Tolt\u00e9k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Morelos a Puebla: Starov\u011bk\u00e1 azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 a p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Tepozteco a Xochicalco<\/h2>\n\n

Ve st\u00e1t\u011b Morelos nab\u00edz\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b Tepozteco, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se na vrcholu Cerro del Tepozteco, dechberouc\u00ed v\u00fdhledy a pohled do azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 kultury. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 archeologick\u00e1 z\u00f3na Xochicalco, kter\u00e1 se py\u0161n\u00ed pyramidami, chr\u00e1my a h\u0159i\u0161ti na m\u00ed\u010dovou hru, kter\u00e9 odhaluj\u00ed slo\u017eitost p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Cacaxtla a Cantona<\/h2>\n\n

Tlaxcala je domovem Cacaxtly, proslul\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi \u017eiv\u00fdmi freskami, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed v\u00fdjevy z p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V Pueble nab\u00edz\u00ed Cantona, jedno z nejurbanizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch m\u011bst v Mexiku, pohled do ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota jeho starov\u011bk\u00fdch obyvatel.<\/p>\n\n

Cholula: Velk\u00e1 pyramida<\/h2>\n\n

Tak\u00e9 ve Pueble se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Cholula, domov poz\u016fstatk\u016f toho, co je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pyramidu v Mezoamerice, stoj\u00edc\u00ed v impozantn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ce 65 metr\u016f. Tato masivn\u00ed stavba je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm architektonick\u00e9 d\u016fmyslnosti starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Mayovsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm Mexiku<\/h2>\n\n

Palenque, Bonampak a Yaxchil\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n

V jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Mexika je st\u00e1t Chiapas domovem n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch maysk\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165. Palenque se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit hrobkou kr\u00e1le Pakala, zat\u00edmco Bonampak m\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed maysk\u00fd \u017eivot a ritu\u00e1ly. V \u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Usumaciny se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Yaxchil\u00e1n, m\u011bsto se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi \u0159ezbami a dob\u0159e zachovan\u00fdmi strukturami.<\/p>\n\n

Calakmul a Tulum<\/h2>\n\n

Ve st\u00e1t\u011b Campeche pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 Calakmul oblast 70 km2 a m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det maysk\u00fdch ruin v Mexiku. Quintana Roo je domovem Tul\u00famu, opevn\u011bn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta s v\u00fdhledem na Karibsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou sm\u011bs maysk\u00e9 a karibsk\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\n\n

Poloostrov Yucat\u00e1n: Maysk\u00e9 chr\u00e1my a m\u011bsta<\/h2>\n\n

St\u00e1t Yucat\u00e1n je pokladnic\u00ed maysk\u00fdch ruin, v\u010detn\u011b ikonick\u00fdch Chichen Itz\u00e1, Uxmalu a Mayap\u00e1nu. Tato starov\u011bk\u00e1 m\u011bsta se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed ty\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi se chr\u00e1my, slo\u017eit\u00fdmi budovami a p\u016fsobiv\u00fdmi h\u0159i\u0161ti na m\u00ed\u010dovou hru, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed na vysp\u011blou civilizaci May\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Ji\u017en\u00ed Mexiko: Zapoteck\u00e9 a olm\u00e9ck\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Monte Alb\u00e1n a Mitla<\/h2>\n\n

V Oaxace nab\u00edz\u00ed Monte Alb\u00e1n, starobyl\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Zapot\u00e9k\u016f, vhled do jejich v\u00edry a kultury. 190 hrobek, kter\u00e9 byly objeveny, poskytuje d\u016fkaz o jejich sofistikovan\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota po smrti. Nedalek\u00e1 Mitla se sv\u00fdmi mixteck\u00fdmi a zapoteck\u00fdmi ruinami d\u00e1le odhaluje bohat\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00edho Mexika.<\/p>\n\n

La Venta a El Taj\u00edn<\/h2>\n\n

Na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu je st\u00e1t Tabasco domovem La Venty, jednoho z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch olm\u00e9ck\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165. La Venta, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi kolos\u00e1ln\u00edmi hlavami soch, nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled do z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 olm\u00e9ck\u00e9 civilizace. Ve st\u00e1t\u011b Veracruz m\u00e1 El Taj\u00edn totonack\u00e9 ruiny, v\u010detn\u011b sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00e9 Pir\u00e1mide de los Nichos se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi \u0159ezbami.<\/p>\n\n

Severn\u00ed Mexiko: Jeskynn\u00e9 malby a pou\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsta<\/h2>\n\n

Jeskynn\u00e9 malby v Baja California<\/h2>\n\n

V centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u0161ti Baja California vytvo\u0159ili p\u0159edhisp\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed lid\u00e9 n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 jeskynn\u00ed malby. Tyto antropomorfn\u00ed a zoomorfn\u00ed postavy, nalezen\u00e9 ve stovk\u00e1ch jeskyn\u00ed, nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled do jejich um\u011bleck\u00fdch a duchovn\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

La Quemada a Paquime<\/h2>\n\n

St\u00e1t Zacatecas je domovem La Quemady, opevn\u011bn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho v roce 1200 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. Jeho masivn\u00ed zdi a sp\u00e1len\u00e9 ruiny poskytuj\u00ed vhled do starov\u011bk\u00e9ho veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky a obrann\u00fdch strategi\u00ed. V poho\u0159\u00ed Sierra Madre Occidental v Chihuahua nab\u00edz\u00ed Paquim\u00e9, jedno z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 v severn\u00ed oblasti, pohled do kulturn\u00edch a architektonick\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Mexiko: Tarask\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Tzintzuntzan a Y\u00e1catas<\/h2>\n\n

V Michoac\u00e1nu zalo\u017eilo Tarask\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium m\u011bsta jako Tzintzuntzan, kde jsou st\u00e1le k vid\u011bn\u00ed poz\u016fstatky kruhov\u00fdch a obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00fdch staveb zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako Y\u00e1catas. Tyto stavby jsou p\u0159\u00edkladem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 architektury, kter\u00e1 existovala p\u0159ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdm dobyt\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed mexick\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Instituto Nacional de Antropolog\u00eda e Historia (INAH) je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za zachov\u00e1n\u00ed bohat\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed Mexika. INAH, zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 1939, zkoum\u00e1 nov\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy, chr\u00e1n\u00ed kulturn\u00ed tradice a provozuje muzea, kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 informace o rozmanit\u00e9 historii, geografii a kultu\u0159e Mexika.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mexiko: Cesta starov\u011bk\u00fdmi civilizacemi Historick\u00fd a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam Mexiko je zem\u011b bohat\u00e1 na historii a kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, proto\u017ee byla domovem n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edch starov\u011bk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed sv\u011bta. Od Olm\u00e9k\u016f a\u017e po…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[88,27,89,1034,8253,1671],"class_list":["post-4552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-mexico","tag-pre-hispanic","tag-ancient-civilizations"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4552"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4553,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4552\/revisions\/4553"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}