C\u00edsa\u0159ovna vdova Cixi vl\u00e1dla \u010c\u00edn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 45 let, od roku 1861 do roku 1908. Byla to mocn\u00e1 a kontroverzn\u00ed osobnost, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou krutost\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm fotografie ke kontrole sv\u00e9ho obrazu.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi se narodila do mand\u017eusk\u00e9 \u0161lechtick\u00e9 rodiny v roce 1835. V roce 1852 se stala konkub\u00ednou c\u00edsa\u0159e Xianfenga a po narozen\u00ed jeho jedin\u00e9ho syna se dostala k moci. Kdy\u017e Xianfeng v roce 1861 zem\u0159el, Cixi zorganizovala pal\u00e1cov\u00fd p\u0159evrat a stala se regentkou sv\u00e9ho mlad\u00e9ho syna, c\u00edsa\u0159e Tongzhiho.<\/p>\n\n
Cixina vl\u00e1da byla poznamen\u00e1na jak pokrokem, tak nepokoji. Zavedla \u0159adu reforem, v\u010detn\u011b modernizace \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a zalo\u017een\u00ed nov\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. \u010celila v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b v\u00fdzev, v\u010detn\u011b Boxersk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1900.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi byla nad\u0161enou u\u017eivatelkou fotografie a vyu\u017e\u00edvala ji k utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho obrazu jak doma, tak v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Objednala si s\u00e9rii portr\u00e9tn\u00edch negativ\u016f na sklen\u011bn\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch od fotografa Xunlinga, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvala jako dary pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky a k prodeji na ulici.<\/p>\n\n
Cixiny fotografie byly siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bny z\u00e1padn\u00edmi styly a \u010dasto ji zobrazovaly v okouzluj\u00edc\u00edm a idealizovan\u00e9m sv\u011btle. Vyu\u017e\u00edvala je k tomu, aby o sob\u011b vytvo\u0159ila obraz modern\u00ed a pokrokov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b a aby zleh\u010dovala svou \u00fa\u010dast v Boxersk\u00e9m povst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Boxersk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed bylo n\u00e1siln\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed proti zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu vlivu v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Za\u010dalo v roce 1899 a do roku 1900 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do Pekingu. Cixi zpo\u010d\u00e1tku boxery podporovala, ale kdy\u017e za\u010dali \u00fato\u010dit na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed leg\u00e1ty a mision\u00e1\u0159e, obr\u00e1tila se proti nim.<\/p>\n\n
Boxersk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed bylo potla\u010deno koalic\u00ed osmi n\u00e1rod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Anglie, Japonska, Francie a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Cixi byla nucena uprchnout z Pekingu a vr\u00e1tila se a\u017e pot\u00e9, co zahrani\u010dn\u00ed mocnosti souhlasily s m\u00edrovou smlouvou.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi zem\u0159ela v roce 1908 pot\u00e9, co ustanovila posledn\u00edho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e, Puyiho. Jej\u00ed odkaz je slo\u017eit\u00fd a kontroverzn\u00ed. Byla to mocn\u00e1 a ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech modernizovala \u010c\u00ednu, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159edsedala obdob\u00ed velk\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f a nestability.<\/p>\n\n
Cixino vyu\u017eit\u00ed fotografie k utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jej\u00edho obrazu bylo pr\u016fkopnickou inovac\u00ed. Byla jednou z prvn\u00edch vl\u00e1dky\u0148 na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 pochopila s\u00edlu fotografie, a vyu\u017eila ji s velk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkem. Jej\u00ed fotografie dodnes fascinuj\u00ed a zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed lidi a nab\u00edzej\u00ed cenn\u00fd pohled do \u017eivota a doby jedn\u00e9 z nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dky\u0148.<\/p>\n\n
Galerie Freer a Sackler ve Washingtonu, D.C., v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b host\u00ed v\u00fdstavu Xunlingov\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159ovny vdovy Cixi. V\u00fdstava s n\u00e1zvem \u201eC\u00edsa\u0159ovna vdova Cixi: Fotografie z posledn\u00edch dn\u016f dynastie \u010cching\u201c obsahuje 19 tisk\u016f ze sb\u00edrky negativ\u016f Smithsonian Institution Xunling.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdstava nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vid\u011bt Cixiny fotografie zbl\u00edzka a dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o jej\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b a dob\u011b. Je to povinn\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o \u010d\u00ednskou historii, fotografii nebo pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk obou.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00edsa\u0159ovna vdova Cixi: Tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed historie skrze fotografii C\u00edsa\u0159ovna vdova Cixi: Posledn\u00ed regentka \u010c\u00edny C\u00edsa\u0159ovna vdova Cixi vl\u00e1dla \u010c\u00edn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 45 let, od roku 1861 do roku 1908. Byla to…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[8184,8290,8289,6,2087],"class_list":["post-4577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photography","tag-chinese-history","tag-qing-dynasty","tag-empress-dowager-cixi","tag-photography","tag-propaganda"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4577"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4578,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577\/revisions\/4578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}