Rtu\u0165 fascinovala starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9, Indov\u00e9, \u0158ekov\u00e9 a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9, v\u0161ichni pou\u017e\u00edvali rtu\u0165 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b byl c\u00edsa\u0159 Jing-cung poh\u0159ben s arm\u00e1dou terakotov\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, obklopen\u00fdch \u0159ekami a potoky rtuti. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee zem\u0159el na otravu rtut\u00ed pot\u00e9, co po\u017eil toxick\u00fd kov p\u0159i sv\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed nesmrtelnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Alchymist\u00e9, v\u010detn\u011b Isaaca Newtona, experimentovali se rtut\u00ed ve snaze p\u0159em\u011bnit olovo na zlato prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm legend\u00e1rn\u00edho kamene mudrc\u016f. Rtu\u0165 byla tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nemoc\u00ed, jako je syfilis.<\/p>\n\n
V 19. stolet\u00ed byla rtu\u0165 \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b klobouk\u016f. Klobou\u010dn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvali dusi\u010dnan rtu\u0165nat\u00fd k odd\u011blen\u00ed ko\u017ee\u0161iny od zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee ko\u017ee\u0161ina zoran\u017eov\u011bla a bylo snaz\u0161\u00ed ji odstranit. Tento proces, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako karot\u00e1\u017e, vystavoval klobou\u010dn\u00edky vysok\u00fdm hladin\u00e1m rtuti, co\u017e vedlo ke stavu zn\u00e1m\u00e9mu jako “nemoc \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9ho klobou\u010dn\u00edka”. P\u0159\u00edznaky nemoci \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9ho klobou\u010dn\u00edka zahrnovaly t\u0159es, podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost a psychickou nestabilitu.<\/p>\n\n
Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky vystaven\u00ed rtuti vy\u0161ly najevo v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed s “otrava v Minamat\u011b”. Ve m\u011bst\u011b Minamata v Japonsku unikla rtu\u0165 z chemick\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny do z\u00e1livu a kontaminovala m\u00edstn\u00ed ryb\u00ed populaci. Obyvatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed konzumovali kontaminovan\u00e9 ryby, vyvinuli z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 neurologick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Minamata nemoc. P\u0159\u00edznaky nemoci Minamata zahrnovaly pot\u00ed\u017ee s ch\u016fz\u00ed, obt\u00ed\u017ee s psan\u00edm a zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm knofl\u00edk\u016f, probl\u00e9my se sluchem a polyk\u00e1n\u00edm a nekontrolovateln\u00e9 t\u0159esy.<\/p>\n\n
V sou\u010dasnosti se rtu\u0165 st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch spot\u0159ebn\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b bateri\u00ed, zubn\u00edch plomb, barev a kosmetiky. Jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed je v\u0161ak postupn\u011b omezov\u00e1no kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m o \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed. Minamatsk\u00e1 \u00famluva, kterou podepsalo 140 zem\u00ed, vy\u017eaduje, aby signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zem\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eily pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rtuti v ur\u010dit\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch, uheln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a cement\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n
Rtu\u0165 m\u016f\u017ee vstupovat do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch proces\u016f, t\u011b\u017eby a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovat ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, vodu a p\u016fdu a m\u016f\u017ee se hromadit v potravinov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci. Rtu\u0165 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e1 pro vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, kde se m\u016f\u017ee v potravinov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci biomagnifikovat a dos\u00e1hnout vysok\u00fdch hladin u drav\u00fdch ryb.<\/p>\n\n
Vystaven\u00ed rtuti m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt \u0159adu zdravotn\u00edch dopad\u016f v z\u00e1vislosti na hladin\u011b a dob\u011b trv\u00e1n\u00ed expozice. Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 vystaven\u00ed vysok\u00fdm hladin\u00e1m rtuti m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit akutn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, jako je nevolnost, zvracen\u00ed a pr\u016fjem. Dlouhodob\u00e9 vystaven\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm hladin\u00e1m rtuti m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k neurologick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n
Rtu\u0165 m\u00e1 dlouhou a slo\u017eitou historii u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee byla po stalet\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, jej\u00ed toxick\u00e9 vlastnosti byly tak\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1ny. V sou\u010dasnosti se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rtuti postupn\u011b omezuje kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m o \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed. Pochopen\u00edm rizik spojen\u00fdch s rtut\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme podniknout kroky k ochran\u011b sebe sam\u00fdch a na\u0161\u00ed planety p\u0159ed jej\u00edmi \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rtu\u0165: D\u011bdictv\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace a rtu\u0165 Rtu\u0165 fascinovala starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9, Indov\u00e9, \u0158ekov\u00e9 a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9, v\u0161ichni pou\u017e\u00edvali rtu\u0165 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b byl c\u00edsa\u0159…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23760,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[27,3636,97,147,283],"class_list":["post-4579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-history","tag-mercury","tag-science","tag-health","tag-environment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4579"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4580,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579\/revisions\/4580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}