Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech jsou prezidentsk\u00e9 volby obvykle rozhodnuty kandid\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd z\u00edsk\u00e1 nejv\u00edce volitel\u016f. Dva st\u00e1ty, Maine a Nebraska, v\u0161ak maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201emetoda kongresov\u00e9ho obvodu\u201c pro p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch volitel\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Podle metody kongresov\u00e9ho obvodu jsou volitel\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu rozd\u011bleni do dvou skupin: dva hlasy pro v\u00edt\u011bze v cel\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b a jeden hlas pro v\u00edt\u011bze v ka\u017ed\u00e9m kongresov\u00e9m obvodu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kandid\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00edskat n\u011bkter\u00e9 hlasy volitel\u016f, i kdy\u017e prohraje v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n
Maine m\u00e1 dlouhou historii d\u011blen\u00ed sv\u00fdch volitel\u016f. St\u00e1t poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ijal metodu kongresov\u00e9ho obvodu v roce 1820, ale v roce 1828 p\u0159e\u0161el na syst\u00e9m v\u00edt\u011bz bere v\u0161e. V roce 1969 se Maine vr\u00e1tilo k metod\u011b rozd\u011blen\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m, \u017ee by kandid\u00e1t mohl z\u00edskat hlasy volitel\u016f st\u00e1tu s pouh\u00fdm mal\u00fdm procentem v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Nebraska p\u0159ijala metodu kongresov\u00e9ho obvodu v roce 1992 v nad\u011bji, \u017ee p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1 kandid\u00e1ty na prezidenta do st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd byl obvykle ignorov\u00e1n kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 konzervativn\u00ed orientaci. Syst\u00e9m byl kontroverzn\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e republik\u00e1ni se opakovan\u011b pokou\u0161eli zvr\u00e1tit jej ve prosp\u011bch p\u0159\u00edstupu v\u00edt\u011bz bere v\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n
Ernie Chambers, st\u00e1tn\u00ed sen\u00e1tor z Nebrasky, byl neochv\u011bjn\u00fdm obr\u00e1ncem syst\u00e9mu d\u011blen\u00fdch volitel\u016f. V roce 2016 hr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i por\u00e1\u017ece n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd by syst\u00e9m odstranil.<\/p>\n\n
V prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch v roce 2020 by volitel\u00e9 z Maine a Nebrasky mohli potenci\u00e1ln\u011b sehr\u00e1t rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli. Jeliko\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1vod bude t\u011bsn\u00fd, i jedin\u00fd hlas volitel\u016f z rozd\u011blen\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu by mohl vych\u00fdlit rovnov\u00e1hu ve prosp\u011bch jednoho kandid\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159ed rokem 2020 rozd\u011blily Maine a Nebraska sv\u00e9 hlasy volitel\u016f pouze jednou. V roce 2008 Barack Obama vyhr\u00e1l druh\u00fd kongresov\u00fd obvod Nebrasky a z\u00edskal tak pro demokraty jejich prvn\u00ed hlas volitel\u016f ve st\u00e1t\u011b od roku 1964. V roce 2016 Donald Trump vyhr\u00e1l druh\u00fd kongresov\u00fd obvod Maine a z\u00edskal tak pro republik\u00e1ny jejich prvn\u00ed hlas volitel\u016f ve st\u00e1t\u011b od roku 1988.<\/p>\n\n
Rozd\u011blen\u00ed volitel\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na prezidentsk\u00e9 volby, zejm\u00e9na v t\u011bsn\u00fdch z\u00e1vodech. Metoda kongresov\u00e9ho obvodu umo\u017e\u0148uje kandid\u00e1tovi vyhr\u00e1t prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad, i kdy\u017e prohraje v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako tomu bylo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b George W. Bushe v roce 2000.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rozd\u011blen\u00ed volitel\u016f: P\u0159\u00edpad Maine a Nebrasky Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech jsou prezidentsk\u00e9 volby obvykle rozhodnuty kandid\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd z\u00edsk\u00e1 nejv\u00edce volitel\u016f. Dva st\u00e1ty, Maine a Nebraska, v\u0161ak maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[8373,8274,2099,6567,8374,8372],"class_list":["post-4630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","tag-congressional-district-method","tag-maine","tag-nebraska","tag-political-science","tag-presidential-election","tag-electoral-vote-splitting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4630"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4630\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4631,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4630\/revisions\/4631"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}