{"id":4660,"date":"2024-01-14T17:12:35","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T17:12:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4660"},"modified":"2024-01-14T17:12:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-14T17:12:35","slug":"poison-dart-frogs-masters-of-toe-tapping-predation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/poison-dart-frogs-masters-of-toe-tapping-predation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017d\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9: Mistryn\u011b lovu po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm prst\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017d\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9: Mistryn\u011b lovu po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm prst\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n

\u017d\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fdmi barvami a toxick\u00fdmi sekrety, uchv\u00e1tily v\u011bdce sv\u00fdm z\u00e1hadn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm: po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm prsty. Toto rytmick\u00e9 na\u0161lapov\u00e1n\u00ed, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 a\u017e 500kr\u00e1t za minutu, badatele dlouho m\u00e1tlo. Nyn\u00ed nov\u00e1 studie vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce tohoto zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed v loveck\u00fdch strategi\u00edch \u017eab.<\/p>\n\n

Po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty a lov<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pozorovali, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty, kdy\u017e je v bl\u00edzkosti ko\u0159ist. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed souvis\u00ed s lovem, proto\u017ee vibrace vyvolan\u00e9 po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm mohou vyd\u011bsit nebo manipulovat s ko\u0159ist\u00ed a u\u010dinit ji zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di polapen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Vibra\u010dn\u00ed manipulace<\/h2>\n\n

Jedna teorie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vibrace, kter\u00e9 mohou vyd\u011bsit nebo dezorientovat hmyz\u00ed ko\u0159ist a p\u0159im\u011bt ji k aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pohybu. Tento zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd pohyb m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit \u017e\u00e1b\u00e1m ko\u0159ist spat\u0159it a ulovit. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1by po\u0165uk\u00e1vaj\u00ed prsty \u010dast\u011bji, kdy\u017e jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na substr\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 l\u00e9pe p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vibrace, jako jsou listy.<\/p>\n\n

Klam\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti<\/h2>\n\n

Jin\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt formou klamu, kterou \u017e\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti. Podobn\u011b jako lov\u00edc\u00ed ryby pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo k p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 ko\u0159isti, mohou \u017e\u00e1by pou\u017e\u00edvat po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vibrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 napodobuj\u00ed pohyby potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ko\u0159isti. To by mohlo p\u0159il\u00e1kat hmyz bl\u00ed\u017ee k \u017e\u00e1b\u00e1m a u\u010dinit ho zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u016f\u010di polapen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Potvrzen\u00ed ko\u0159isti<\/h2>\n\n

T\u0159et\u00ed teorie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1b\u00e1m jedovat\u00fdm \u0161\u00edpov\u00fdm potvrdit, zda je potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00falovek skute\u010dn\u011b ko\u0159ist. Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm pohybu v hmyzu m\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00e1ba posoudit jeho vhodnost jako potravy. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro \u017e\u00e1by, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i identifikaci ko\u0159isti spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na zrakov\u00e9 podn\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n

Variace tempa po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee tempo po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty u \u017eab jedovat\u00fdch \u0161\u00edpov\u00fdch se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na dostupnosti ko\u0159isti a typu povrchu. \u017d\u00e1by po\u0165uk\u00e1vaj\u00ed prsty \u010dast\u011bji, kdy\u017e je p\u0159\u00edtomna potrava, a kdy\u017e jsou na substr\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 l\u00e9pe p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vibrace. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1by mohou upravovat sv\u00e9 tempo po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b podm\u00ednek prost\u0159ed\u00ed a potenci\u00e1lu uloven\u00ed ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n

Podp\u016frn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy<\/h2>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie poskytly d\u016fkazy podporuj\u00edc\u00ed hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty je zapojeno do manipulace s ko\u0159ist\u00ed. Jedna studie zjistila, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1by zrychlily po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed \u00fatokem na ko\u0159ist. Jin\u00e1 studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1by s del\u0161\u00edmi st\u0159edn\u00edmi prsty, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u011bly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost p\u0159i lovu ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

A\u010dkoli je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, abychom pln\u011b pochopili funkci po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prsty u \u017eab jedovat\u00fdch \u0161\u00edpov\u00fdch, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli v jejich loveck\u00fdch strategi\u00edch. \u017d\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9 vyvinuly jedine\u010dn\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it sv\u016fj loveck\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch, t\u00edm, \u017ee manipuluj\u00ed s chov\u00e1n\u00edm ko\u0159isti pomoc\u00ed vibrac\u00ed nebo klamu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u017d\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9: Mistryn\u011b lovu po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm prst\u016f \u00davod \u017d\u00e1by jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpov\u00e9, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fdmi barvami a toxick\u00fdmi sekrety, uchv\u00e1tily v\u011bdce sv\u00fdm z\u00e1hadn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm: po\u0165uk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm prsty. Toto rytmick\u00e9 na\u0161lapov\u00e1n\u00ed, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 a\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[309,796,8422,5638,8425,8423,8424],"class_list":["post-4660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-behavior","tag-deception","tag-poison-dart-frogs","tag-predation","tag-prey-manipulation","tag-toe-tapping","tag-vibrations"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4660"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4661,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4660\/revisions\/4661"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}