{"id":4698,"date":"2023-06-13T05:17:19","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T05:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4698"},"modified":"2023-06-13T05:17:19","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T05:17:19","slug":"plastic-bag-taxes-and-bans-a-global-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/plastic-bag-taxes-and-bans-a-global-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pohled na dan\u011b a z\u00e1kazy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Poplatky a z\u00e1kazy za jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed perspektiva<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kolik stoj\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00e1 ta\u0161ka?<\/h2>\n\n<p>V lednu 2023 se Washington, D.C., p\u0159ipojil k rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu m\u011bst a zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zavedly poplatky nebo z\u00e1kazy jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek. C\u00edlem t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed je sn\u00ed\u017eit dopad jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, proto\u017ee p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj odpadk\u016f v mo\u0159\u00edch a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kazy a poplatky za jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Irsko bylo prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zavedla poplatek za jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky v roce 2002. Od t\u00e9 doby n\u00e1sledovalo mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u010c\u00edny, Keni, Ugandy a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se San Francisco stalo prvn\u00edm m\u011bstem, kter\u00e9 zak\u00e1zalo jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky v roce 2007, a od t\u00e9 doby zavedlo podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jsou vyrobeny z biologicky nerozlo\u017eiteln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich rozklad m\u016f\u017ee trvat stovky let. V d\u016fsledku toho se jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky hromad\u00ed na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch a v oce\u00e1nech, kde mohou \u0161kodit voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm \u017eivo\u010dich\u016fm a zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovat ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 to:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadk\u016f v mo\u0159\u00edch a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Chr\u00e1nit voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy<\/li>\n<li>\u0160et\u0159it zdroje<\/li>\n<li>\u0160et\u0159it energii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternativy k jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdm ta\u0161k\u00e1m<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho alternativ k jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdm ta\u0161k\u00e1m, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/li>\n<li>Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/li>\n<li>Ko\u0161\u00edky<\/li>\n<li>Kompostovateln\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Argumenty pro a proti poplatk\u016fm a z\u00e1kaz\u016fm jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Argumenty pro poplatky a z\u00e1kazy jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek<\/li>\n<li>Ochrana \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plasty<\/li>\n<li>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed pro environment\u00e1ln\u00ed programy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Argumenty proti poplatk\u016fm a z\u00e1kaz\u016fm jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek<\/li>\n<li>Mohou b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pro spot\u0159ebitele<\/li>\n<li>Mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it cenu potravin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u016f a poplatky za jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee poplatky a z\u00e1kazy jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad poplatek za jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky v Irsku vedl b\u011bhem jednoho roku k 90% poklesu spot\u0159eby ta\u0161ek. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 v\u0161ak mohou jednodu\u0161e p\u0159ej\u00edt na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kreativn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak znovu pou\u017e\u00edt jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky<\/h2>\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1te pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek na n\u00e1kupy, existuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak je znovu pou\u017e\u00edt, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sb\u011br recyklovateln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Skladov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu od dom\u00e1c\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/li>\n<li>Vylo\u017een\u00ed ko\u0161\u016f na odpadky<\/li>\n<li>Ochrana k\u0159ehk\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f p\u0159i st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ud\u011blejte zm\u011bnu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161k\u00e1ch je mal\u00fd, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat pro pomoc planet\u011b. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ejte si do obchod\u016f vlastn\u00ed ta\u0161ky, vyb\u00edrejte opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 alternativy a znovu pou\u017e\u00edvejte jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky, kdykoli je to mo\u017en\u00e9, a m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat zm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova s dlouh\u00fdm \u0445\u0432\u043estem:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jak m\u016f\u017eeme sn\u00ed\u017eit pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek?<\/li>\n<li>Jak\u00fd je dopad jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdhody sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek?<\/li>\n<li>Jak\u00e9 jsou argumenty pro a proti poplatk\u016fm a z\u00e1kaz\u016fm jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch ta\u0161ek?<\/li>\n<li>Jak m\u016f\u017eeme prov\u00e9st mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny, abychom pomohli planet\u011b?<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poplatky a z\u00e1kazy za jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ta\u0161ky: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed perspektiva Kolik stoj\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00e1 ta\u0161ka? V lednu 2023 se Washington, D.C., p\u0159ipojil k rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu m\u011bst a zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zavedly poplatky nebo z\u00e1kazy&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[368,8481,8482,998,120,177,8483],"class_list":["post-4698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-environmental-impact","tag-plastic-bags","tag-marine-debris","tag-recycling","tag-sustainability","tag-pollution","tag-reusable-bags"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4698"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4699,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4698\/revisions\/4699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}