V roce 2018 u\u010dinili v\u011bdci pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev: jezero ukryt\u00e9 pod ledov\u00fdm povrchem ji\u017en\u00edho p\u00f3lu Marsu. Toto odhalen\u00ed vyvolalo z\u00e1plavu ot\u00e1zek o jeho vzniku a p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Nature Astronomy nejen potvrzuje existenci tohoto jezera, ale odhaluje tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnost dal\u0161\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f v jeho bl\u00edzkosti.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm provedl rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 radarov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dan\u00e9 oblasti a p\u0159idal 100 nov\u00fdch datov\u00fdch bod\u016f k p\u016fvodn\u00edm 29. Tato m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vykresluj\u00ed jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz \u010dty\u0159 jezer, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed jednu m\u00edli pod marsovsk\u00fdm povrchem. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee obsahuj\u00ed s\u016fl a sedimenty, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u016fstat kapaln\u00e9 i v mraziv\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch na ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00f3lu Marsu.<\/p>\n\n
Objev t\u011bchto podzemn\u00edch jezer m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti Marsu. P\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u011bkolika vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f na ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00f3lu nazna\u010duje, \u017ee by mohly b\u00fdt poz\u016fstatky d\u00e1vn\u00fdch oce\u00e1n\u016f planety. Eroze na marsovsk\u00e9m povrchu ukazuje, \u017ee voda kdysi voln\u011b proudila po cel\u00e9 planet\u011b. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed roveru Curiosity podporuj\u00ed teorii, \u017ee Mars byl kdysi pokryt rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem.<\/p>\n\n
S ochlazov\u00e1n\u00edm marsovsk\u00e9ho klimatu by tento oce\u00e1n zamrzl a nakonec sublimoval, tedy vypa\u0159il se z pevn\u00e9ho ledu na vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru, ani\u017e by se roztavil. Vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra by putovala v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a kondenzovala na p\u00f3lech, kde by vytv\u00e1\u0159ela rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 \u010depice. Geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed energie by roztavila spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bchto ledov\u00fdch \u010depic a vytvo\u0159ila podzemn\u00ed vodu nebo permafrost. Pokud je tato voda dostate\u010dn\u011b slan\u00e1, mohla by p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat v jezerech, kter\u00e1 lze dnes pozorovat.<\/p>\n\n
Voda mus\u00ed b\u00fdt extr\u00e9mn\u011b slan\u00e1, aby z\u016fstala kapaln\u00e1 na ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00f3lu Marsu, kde teploty mohou klesnout a\u017e na -195 stup\u0148\u016f Fahrenheita. Soli a sedimenty br\u00e1n\u00ed vod\u011b v zamrznut\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee naru\u0161uj\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed molekul vody, co\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed krystalizaci.<\/p>\n\n
Soli obsa\u017een\u00e9 v marsovsk\u00e9 vod\u011b, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako perchlor\u00e1ty, v\u0161ak nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu. Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozemsk\u00e1 houba dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt ve vod\u011b s a\u017e 23 % perchlor\u00e1tu sodn\u00e9ho, zat\u00edmco nejodoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bakterie snese pouze 12% roztok. Aby voda z\u016fstala kapaln\u00e1 v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch Marsu, vy\u017eadovala by jin\u00fd druh soli, perchlor\u00e1t v\u00e1penat\u00fd, kter\u00fd je pro pozemsk\u00e9 mikroby je\u0161t\u011b toxi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Zem\u011b m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed slan\u00e1 jezera ukryt\u00e1 pod antarktick\u00fdm ledem, ale nepodporuj\u00ed hojn\u00fd \u017eivot. “V t\u011bchto slan\u00fdch jez\u00edrk\u00e1ch v Antarktid\u011b se toho moc ned\u011bje,” vysv\u011btluje John Priscu, ekolog z Montansk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzity. “Jsou prost\u011b nalo\u017een\u00e9. A to by mohlo b\u00fdt [na Marsu] ten p\u0159\u00edpad.”<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm k detekci podzemn\u00edch jezer pou\u017eil radarov\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro pr\u016fzkum podpovrchov\u00fdch a ionosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch vrstev Marsu (MARSIS). MARSIS vys\u00edl\u00e1 na marsovsk\u00fd povrch r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 se odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed zp\u011bt, kdy\u017e naraz\u00ed na zm\u011bny ve slo\u017een\u00ed planety. Anal\u00fdza vzor\u016f odrazu odhaluje povahu materi\u00e1lu, od kter\u00e9ho se vlny odrazily.<\/p>\n\n
N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed skepti\u010dt\u00ed ohledn\u011b z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f studie a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee odraziv\u00e9 skvrny by mohly p\u0159edstavovat sp\u00ed\u0161e b\u0159e\u010dku nebo kal ne\u017e kapalnou vodu. Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed nesrovnalosti mezi pozorov\u00e1n\u00edmi MARSIS a m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi z jin\u00fdch datov\u00fdch sad.<\/p>\n\n
\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 mise nazvan\u00e1 Tchien-wen-1 m\u00e1 v \u00fanoru 2021 vstoupit na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Marsu. Tato mise m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout nov\u00fd pohled na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a objasnit povahu podzemn\u00edch jezer.<\/p>\n\n
“Jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee se na tomto m\u00edst\u011b d\u011bje n\u011bco zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho, co zp\u016fsobuje n\u00e1r\u016fst odrazu,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ali Bramson, planet\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bdec z Purduovy univerzity. “Pokud je na z\u00e1kladn\u011b pol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010depi\u010dky n\u011bjak\u00fd divn\u00fd, p\u0159echlazen\u00fd, bahnit\u00fd soln\u00fd roztok, tak je to naprosto \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9.”<\/p>\n\n
Objev podzemn\u00edch jezer na Marsu otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 cesty pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a spekulace. Tato jezera mohou skr\u00fdvat stopy po d\u00e1vn\u00fdch oce\u00e1nech planety a potenci\u00e1lu minul\u00e9ho nebo sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u017eivota na Marsu. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a pr\u016fzkum budou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 obklopuj\u00ed tyto fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Marsovsk\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed jezera: Poz\u016fstatky d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Objev a potvrzen\u00ed podzemn\u00edch jezer V roce 2018 u\u010dinili v\u011bdci pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev: jezero ukryt\u00e9 pod ledov\u00fdm povrchem ji\u017en\u00edho p\u00f3lu Marsu. Toto odhalen\u00ed vyvolalo z\u00e1plavu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[1216,811,434,1214,1215],"class_list":["post-477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-astrobiology","tag-mars","tag-space-exploration","tag-underground-lakes","tag-water-on-mars"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=477"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24643,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions\/24643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}