{"id":4829,"date":"2022-03-24T23:36:03","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T23:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4829"},"modified":"2022-03-24T23:36:03","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T23:36:03","slug":"assessing-presidential-greatness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/politics\/assessing-presidential-greatness\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak posoudit velikost prezident\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak posoudit velikost prezident\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Prezidenti a velikost<\/h2>\n\n

Co d\u011bl\u00e1 prezidenta skv\u011bl\u00fdm? Historici a voli\u010di debatuj\u00ed o t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce po stalet\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee velikost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve schopnosti vyhr\u00e1vat volby a udr\u017eet si moc, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed transforma\u010dn\u00ed vliv, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 prezident na n\u00e1rod.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam voleb<\/h2>\n\n

Podle Roberta W. Merryho, autora knihy “Where They Stand”, hraj\u00ed voli\u010di rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti prezidenta. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi prezidenty jsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed si z\u00edskali d\u016fv\u011bru americk\u00e9ho lidu ve v\u00edce volb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Historici vs. voli\u010di<\/h2>\n\n

A\u010dkoli jsou n\u00e1zory historik\u016f d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, Merry se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt jedin\u00fdm faktorem p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti prezident\u016f. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee perspektivy voli\u010d\u016f nab\u00edzej\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o tom, jak jsou prezidenti vn\u00edm\u00e1ni v jejich vlastn\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

T\u0159\u00edd\u00edln\u00fd test<\/h2>\n\n

Merry navrhuje t\u0159\u00edd\u00edln\u00fd test k identifikaci nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch prezident\u016f:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Konzistentn\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed jako skv\u011bl\u00fd nebo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 skv\u011bl\u00fd od historik\u016f<\/li>\n
  2. Znovuzvolen\u00ed do druh\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed jejich vlastn\u00ed stranou<\/li>\n
  3. Transformace politick\u00e9 krajiny a kurzu n\u00e1roda<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    V\u016fdci osudu<\/h2>\n\n

    Merry identifikuje \u0161est prezident\u016f jako “V\u016fdce osudu”:<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • George Washington<\/li>\n
    • Thomas Jefferson<\/li>\n
    • Andrew Jackson<\/li>\n
    • Abraham Lincoln<\/li>\n
    • Theodore Roosevelt<\/li>\n
    • Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      Tito prezidenti sd\u00edleli n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch rys\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n

        \n
      • Porozum\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m n\u00e1roda<\/li>\n
      • Vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 veden\u00ed<\/li>\n
      • Politick\u00e1 obratnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

        Dob\u0159\u00ed prezidenti vs. skv\u011bl\u00ed prezidenti<\/h2>\n\n

        Merry rozli\u0161uje mezi dobr\u00fdmi prezidenty a skv\u011bl\u00fdmi prezidenty. Dob\u0159\u00ed prezidenti efektivn\u011b \u0159\u00edd\u00ed zemi, zat\u00edmco skv\u011bl\u00ed prezidenti podstupuj\u00ed rizika a prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Bill Clinton je uv\u00e1d\u011bn jako p\u0159\u00edklad dobr\u00e9ho prezidenta, kter\u00e9mu chyb\u011bla odvaha dos\u00e1hnout velikosti.<\/p>\n\n

        Charakter a skand\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n

        Skand\u00e1ly mohou po\u0161kodit pov\u011bst prezidenta, ale charakterov\u00e9 vady, jako je nerozhodnost a neochota podstupovat rizika, jsou pro \u00fasp\u011bch je\u0161t\u011b \u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jamesovo Buchananovo selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krize otroctv\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edkladem takov\u00fdch charakterov\u00fdch nedostatk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

        Biografie m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed pov\u011bst<\/h2>\n\n

        Prezidentsk\u00e9 biografie mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed o prezidentovi. Grover Cleveland, jedin\u00fd, kter\u00fd vykon\u00e1val dv\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, ani\u017e by byl zvolen podruh\u00e9, zaznamenal zlep\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9 pov\u011bsti po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed biografie, kter\u00e1 ho oslavovala jako \u010dlov\u011bka osudu a charakteru.<\/p>\n\n

        Hodnocen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch kandid\u00e1t\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

        Merry rad\u00ed voli\u010d\u016fm, aby se p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed prezidentsk\u00fdch kandid\u00e1t\u016f zam\u011b\u0159ili na v\u00fdkonnost \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00edho prezidenta. Americk\u00fd lid m\u00e1 tendenci \u010dinit dobr\u00e9 \u00fasudky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na veden\u00ed prezidenta a blahobytu zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

        Vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba hledat u kandid\u00e1t\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

        P\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt velikost prezidenta je nemo\u017en\u00e9, ale historie ukazuje, \u017ee skv\u011bl\u00ed prezidenti jsou \u010dasto voleni v dob\u00e1ch politick\u00fdch ot\u0159es\u016f. P\u0159\u00edznivci i odp\u016frci mohou m\u00edt siln\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na potenci\u00e1l kandid\u00e1ta, ale pouze \u010das uk\u00e1\u017ee, jak budou efektivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

        Stav zem\u011b a patov\u00e1 situace<\/h2>\n\n

        Merry vyjad\u0159uje znepokojen\u00ed nad sou\u010dasn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm patov\u00fdm stavem ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Zpochyb\u0148uje, jak zem\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1 tuto krizi a posune se vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n\n

        D\u016fv\u011bra v p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

        Merry uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jistota ohledn\u011b vlastn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f se zku\u0161enostmi sni\u017euje. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee promy\u0161len\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdza mohou v\u00e9st k dob\u0159e podlo\u017een\u00fdm vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm o tom, jak sv\u011bt funguje.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Jak posoudit velikost prezident\u016f Prezidenti a velikost Co d\u011bl\u00e1 prezidenta skv\u011bl\u00fdm? Historici a voli\u010di debatuj\u00ed o t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce po stalet\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee velikost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve schopnosti vyhr\u00e1vat volby a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[8681,8682,1922],"class_list":["post-4829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics","tag-presidential-history","tag-history-buffs","tag-leadership"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4829"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4829\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4830,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4829\/revisions\/4830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}